Cellulite à éosinophiles

La cellulite à éosinophile est une forme rare de cellulite (infection) dont la cause n'est pas infectieuse et caractérisée par un infiltrat de polynucléaires éosinophiles. Elle est aussi appelée « syndrome de Wells ».

Cause

Elle est inconnue. Certains médicaments sont suspectés de pouvoir déclencher la maladie[1].

Description

Cellulite à éosinophiles du creux poplité gauche.

Elle se présente sous forme d'une plaque érythémateuse et prurigineuse, surtout chez l'enfant. Chez l'adulte, elle peut prendre la forme d'un granulome annulaire[2]. Elle peut s'accompagner d'une fièvre, de douleurs articulaires[3].

L'évolution se fait sur plusieurs semaines ou mois, avec possible récidive[4].

Diagnostic

Il se fait par une biopsie cutanée montrant un œdème du derme, avec une infiltration de polynucléaires éosinophiles et présence d'histiocytes[5].

Infiltrat éosinophile à la biopsie.

Traitement

Les corticoïdes par voie orale sont plus efficaces que par voie locale. Des antihistaminiques peuvent être donnés[3].

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Heelan K, Ryan JF, Shear NH, Egan A. Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): proposed diagnostic criteria and a literature review of the drug-induced variant, J Dermatol Case Rep, 2013;7:113-120
  2. ↑ Caputo R, Marzano AV, Vezzoli P, Lunardon L, Wells syndrome in adults and children: a report of 19 cases, Arch Dermatol, 2006;142:1157-1161
  3. ↑ a et b Sinno H, Lacroix J-P, Lee J et al. Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome): a case series and literature review, Can J Plast Surg, 2012;20:91-97
  4. ↑ Aberer W, Konrad K, Wolff K. Wells’ syndrome is a distinctive disease entity and not a histologic diagnosis, J Am Acad Dermatol, 1988;18:105-114
  5. ↑ Moossavi M, Mehregan DR. Wells’ syndrome: a clinical and histopathologic review of seven cases, Int J Dermatol, 2003;42:62-67

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