Brame (sidérurgie)

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Brame.

Pile de brames (les lunettes de sécurité donnent l'échelle)

La brame (slab en anglais) est un demi-produit sidérurgique plat. Il s'agit d'un bloc d'acier de forme parallélépipédique et de fortes dimensions : d'environ 700 à 2 500 mm de largeur, de 5 à 15 m de long et de 150 à 350 mm d'épaisseur. Son poids peut atteindre trente tonnes. C'est le produit dont sont issues les tôles ou les plaques, après laminage.

Historiquement, les brames étaient obtenues au marteau-pilon avant d'être laminées en tôles[1]. Les brames sont obtenues, soit directement à la coulée continue, soit après réduction d'un lingot dans un train de laminoirs dégrossisseur, ou « slabbing ». Les trains de laminoirs dégrossisseurs ont quasiment disparu aujourd'hui au profit des coulées continues.

Vers le milieu des années 1980, une évolution de la coulée continue, avec la mise au point d'une lingotière de forme complexe, a permis l'apparition des « brames minces », qui font de 25 à 80 mm d'épaisseur[2].

La brame est laminée à chaud pour donner soit une bobine de tôle épaisse (de 2 à 5 mm), appelée « coil », soit une plaque de « tôle forte », pouvant atteindre plusieurs centimètres d'épaisseur.

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Références

  1. ↑ John Percy (trad. traduction supervisée par l'auteur), Traité complet de métallurgie, t. 4, Paris, Librairie polytechnique de Noblet et Baudry éditeur, (lire en ligne), p. 443
  2. ↑ Joseph Farhi, « Coulée continue de brames minces », Techniques de l'ingénieur,‎ (lire en ligne)

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