Biguerres

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le comté de Bigorre, les Pyrénées et la Gascogne.

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Carte de la Novempopulanie

Les Biguerres, Bigerres, Bigerrions ou Bigerri, étaient un peuple aquitain[1] ou proto-basque de la haute vallée de l'Adour. Ils ont laissé leur nom à la Bigorre.
Ils sont notés Bigerrions par César[2] (Ier siècle av. J.-C.), Bigerri chez Pline (Ier siècle apr. J.-C.) et sur la liste de Vérone (IIIe siècle)[3]. Ils tenaient la place forte de Castrum Bigorra (Saint-Lézer) depuis supplantée par la Civitas Turba ou Tarba (Tarbes).

Jules César, dans ses Commentaires sur la Guerre des Gaules, les cite parmi les peuples d'Aquitaine qui se rendirent à son lieutenant Publius Crassus (BG III, 27.1). Pline les nomme également dans sa liste des peuples aquitains[4].

Ils avaient notamment pour voisins les Osquidates à l'ouest, les Ausques au nord, et les Garoumnes et les Convènes à l'est.

Étymologie

L'origine des mots Bigerri, Bigorre et Bigerra serait à rapprocher du basque Ibai gorri qui signifie « fleuve ou rivière rouge[5],[6],[7] »

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Notes et références

  1. ↑ Manex Goyhenetche, Histoire générale du Pays basque : Préhistoire-Époque Romaine-Moyen-Âge, t. 1, Donostia / Bayonne, Elkarlanean, , 492 p. (ISBN 2913156207 et 8483314010, OCLC 41254536), p. 53-59
  2. ↑ Jules César (trad. Désiré Nisard), Commentaires sur la Guerre des Gaules : Commentarii de Bello Gallico, vol. 3, Paris, Didot, (lire sur Wikisource) :

    « Au bruit de cette victoire la plus grande partie de l'Aquitanie se rendit à Crassus, et envoya d'elle-même des otages. De ce nombre furent les Tarbelles, les Bigerrions, les Ptianii, les Vocates, les Tarusates, les Elusates, les Gates, les Ausques, les Garunni, les Sibuzates, et les Cocosates. »
  3. ↑ Jean-Louis Davant (préf. Lorea Uribe Etxebarria), Histoire du peuple basque, Bayonne; Donostia, Elkar argitaletxea, coll. « Collection Histoire », , 11e éd. (1re éd. 1970), 352 p. (ISBN 9788497835480 et 8497835484, OCLC 49422842)
  4. ↑ Pline l'Ancien, Histoire naturelle (Naturalis Historia) : livre 4, [108]. Aquitani, unde nomen provinciae, Sediboviates. mox in oppidum contributi Convenae, Bigerri, Tarbelli Quattrosignani, Cocosates Sexsignani, Venami, Onobrisates, Belendi, saltus Pyrenaeus infraque Monesi, Oscidates Montani, Sybillates, Camponi, Bercorcates, Pinpedunni, Lassunni, Vellates, Toruates, Consoranni, Ausci, Elusates, Sottiates, Oscidates Campestres, Succasses, Latusates, Basaboiates, Vassei, Sennates, Cambolectri Agessinates (lire sur Wikisource)
  5. ↑ Mitología y mitos de la Hispania prerromana II, José Carlos Bermejo Barrera, Ediciones Akal, 1986, 278 pages
  6. ↑ El Cantábrico en la Edad del Hierro: medioambiente, economía, territorio y sociedad, Jesús Francisco Torres-MartínezReal Academia de la Historia, 2011, 637 pages.
  7. ↑ Dictionnaire des appellations ethniques de la France et de ses colonies, André Rolland de Denus, E. Lechevalier, 1889, 8 pages.
  • Jacques Lemoine, Toponymie du Pays Basque Français et des Pays de l'Adour, Picard 1977, (ISBN 2-70-840003-7)

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