Belgica antarctica

Belgica antarctica
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Couple de Belgica antarctica.
Classification
Règne Animalia
Embranchement Arthropoda
Sous-embr. Hexapoda
Classe Insecta
Sous-classe Pterygota
Infra-classe Neoptera
Super-ordre Endopterygota
Ordre Diptera
Sous-ordre Nematocera
Infra-ordre Culicomorpha
Super-famille Chironomoidea
Famille Chironomidae
Genre Belgica

Espèce

Belgica antarctica
Jacobs, 1900

Belgica antarctica est une espèce d'insectes diptères aptères (sans ailes), endémique d'Antarctique. Elle appartient à la famille des Chironomidae.

Mesurant 6 mm, c'est le plus grand animal purement terrestre du continent et le seul insecte endémique[1],[2].

Son absence d'ailes pourrait être une adaptation aux conditions inhospitalières de son biotope (vents pouvant dépasser les 140 km/h). Ses larves vivent deux ans et sont très résistantes : elles peuvent perdre 70 % de leur eau sans mourir, survivre presque un mois sans oxygène, etc. La durée de vie des adultes est de 10 jours.

Avec 99 millions de paires de bases, le génome de cette mouche, séquencé en 2013, est le plus petit génome d'insectes connu[3].

Étymologie

Le nom de genre Belgica est un hommage de son descripteur, le naturaliste belge Jean-Charles Jacobs, à l'expédition internationale Belgica, premier navire (belge) à avoir hiverné dans l'Antarctique (1897-1899) et dont le naturaliste, Émile Racovitza, fut le découvreur.

Liens externes

Notes et références

  1. ↑ (en) Usher, Michael B.; Edwards, Marion (1984). "A dipteran from south of the Antarctic Circle: Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) with a description of its larva". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.
  2. ↑ (en) « Antarctic Bestiary - Terrestrial », sur www.units.muohio.edu (consulté le ).
  3. ↑ (en) Joanna Kelley, « Compact genome of the Antarctic midge is likely an adaptation to an extreme environment », Nature Communications, no Article number: 4611,‎ (lire en ligne).

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