Aythyini

Canards plongeurs

Aythyini
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
Fuligule austral (Aythya australis)
Classification
Règne Animalia
Embranchement Chordata
Classe Aves
Ordre Anseriformes
Famille Anatidae
Sous-famille Anatinae

Tribu

Aythyini
Delacour & Mayr, 1945

Synonymes

Aythyinae Delacour and Mayr, 1945

Les Aythyini sont une tribu de canards, les oiseaux ansériformes de la sous-famille des anatinés. Ce sont ceux que l'on qualifie de canards plongeurs. Les canards marins, qui sont également plongeurs mais en mer, forment aujourd'hui la tribu Mergini.
Dans d'anciennes classifications, cette tribu est élevée au rang de la sous-famille Aythyinae.

Ces canards sont nommés plongeurs car ils se nourrissent principalement en plongeant sous l'eau. Les nettes rousses peuvent rester 20 secondes sous l'eau. Certaines espèces comme les fuligules par exemple, se nourrissent parfois en surface, comme les canards de surface.

Ils n'entrent pas en compétition avec les autres espèces de canards car ils ne fréquentent normalement pas les mêmes lieux et ne mangent pas la même chose. Ils préfèrent les eaux libres[Quoi ?].

Leur corps est plus lourd et massif que les canards de surface et leurs pattes sont situées en arrière ce qui rend peu commodes leurs déplacements terrestres. Ils ne s'envolent pas directement, mais battent longuement des ailes en courant à la surface de l'eau. Les espèces vivant au nord sont migratrices mais celle du sud tendent à être sédentaires.

Classification

Liste des espèces modernes d'après Donne-Goussé et al. (2002)[1] et Gonzales et al. (2009)[2]:

auxquelles on peut éventuellement ajouter des espèces basales qui n'étaient pas forcément qualifiées de canards plongeurs:

Voir aussi

Références

  1. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11276028_A_molecular_phylogeny_of_Anseriformes_based_on_mitochondrial_DNA_analysis
  2. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227628164_Phylogenetic_relationships_based_on_two_mitochondrial_genes_and_hybridization_patterns_in_Anatidae

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