Attaque du convoi BN 7

Attaque du convoi BN 7
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
L'Érythrée, montrant Massaoua et Harmil au nord-est.
Informations générales
Date 20 au
Lieu Mer Rouge, au large de Massaoua (Afrique orientale italienne)
15° 36′ 35″ N, 39° 27′ 00″ E
Issue Victoire britannique
Belligérants
Drapeau du Royaume-Uni Royaume-Uni Drapeau de l'Australie Australie
Nouvelle-Zélande
Drapeau du Royaume d'Italie Royaume d'Italie
Commandants
James Rivett-Carnac
J. S. M. Richardson
H. E. Horan
Costantino Borsini
Adriano M. D. Adimari
Paolo Aloisi
Forces en présence
1 croiseur léger
1 destroyer
3 sloops
2 dragueurs de mines
Convoi BN 7 (32 navires marchands)
4 destroyers
Batterie à terre sur l'île Harmil
Pertes
3 blessés
1 destroyer endommagé
1 navire marchand endommagé
14 tués
1 destroyer coulé

Théâtre africain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Batailles

L'attaque du convoi BN 7 est un engagement naval en mer Rouge s'étant déroulé le 20 et pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, opposant une force britannique défendant un convoi de navires marchands et une flottille de destroyers italiens.

L'attaque italienne échoua, avec un seul navire marchand légèrement endommagé. Après une poursuite, le destroyer britannique HMS Kimberley torpilla le destroyer italien Francesco Nullo qui s'échoua sur l'île Harmil. Le Kimberley fut visé par les batteries côtières italiennes sur l'île et remorqué en lieu sûr par le croiseur HMS Leander.

Manœuvrer en deux groupes distincts afin d'augmenter les chances d'intercepter le convoi avait payé, mais cela sacrifia les avantages d'une concentration d'attaques ciblés contre les escortes, et un destroyer fut perdu sans résultat. Le commandement britannique d'Aden reprochait aux escortes (à l'exception du Kimberley) un manque d'agressivité, mais laisser le convoi sans défense pour chasser les navires la nuit et par temps brumeux était risqué. Les Italiens firent une autre sortie infructueuse le , en annulèrent une en janvier 1941 après la dégradation du Daniele Manin, visé par une bombe. Ils firent de nouveau une sortie le sans résultat majeur.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

Bibliographie

  • Marc' Antonio Bragadin (trad. G. Hoffman), The Italian Navy in World War II, Annapolis Maryland, Naval Institute Press, (OCLC 924029600, LCCN 57-6515)
  • John Campbell, Naval Weapons of World War Two, Annapolis, Maryland, Naval Institute Press, (ISBN 978-0-87021-459-2)
  • Modèle:Chaptire
  • G. B. Mason, « HMS Kimberley (F 50) K-class Destroyer including Convoy Escort Movements », sur World War 2 1939–1945, Naval-History.Net, (consulté le )
  • Vincent P. O'Hara, Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945, London, Conway, , 99–107 p. (ISBN 978-1-84486-102-6), « Chapter 6: The Red Sea, 1940–41 »
  • I.S.O. Playfair, G. M. S. Stitt, C. J. C. Molony et S. E. Toomer, The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941), vol. I, HMSO, coll. « History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series », , 4th impr. éd. (1re éd. 1954) (OCLC 494123451, lire en ligne)
  • Jürgen Rohwer et Gerhard Hümmelchen, Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two, Annapolis, MD, Naval Institute Press, , 2nd rev. éd. (1re éd. 1972) (ISBN 978-1-55750-105-9)
  • Christopher Shores, Dust Clouds in the Middle East: The Air War for East Africa, Iran, Syria, Iran and Madagascar, 1940–42, London, Grub Street, (ISBN 978-1-898697-37-4)
  • J. Sutherland et D. Canwell, Air War East Africa 1940–41: The RAF Versus the Italian Air Force, Barnsley, Pen & Sword Aviation, (ISBN 978-1-84415-816-4)
  • S. D. Waters, The Royal New Zealand Navy, Wellington, NZ, War History Branch, Dept. of Internal Affairs, coll. « Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45 », , online éd. (OCLC 11085179, lire en ligne)

Lectures complémentaires

  • S. W. Roskill, The Defensive, vol. I, London, 4e impr. en ligne, coll. « History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series: The War at Sea 1939–1945 », (1re éd. 1954) (OCLC 881709135, lire en ligne)
  • S. D. Waters, Leander, Wellington, NZ, online, coll. « The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945 », , 1–7 p. (OCLC 1003719), « Protection of Red Sea Convoys »

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