Anneau opposé

En algèbre, l'anneau opposé[1] A0 ou Aop d'un anneau A possède le même groupe additif sous-jacent que A et sa multiplication est effectuée dans l'ordre opposé : si l'on note et les multiplications respectives de A et Aop, on a

.

La notion d'anneau opposé permet d'unifier l'étude des modules à gauche et des modules à droite, car les modules à droite sur un anneau sont exactement les modules à gauche sur l'anneau opposé[2].

Propriétés

A et Aop ont même zéro et (le cas échéant) même unité. L'égalité A = Aop a lieu si et seulement si A est commutatif. En particulier, si A est un corps, Aop aussi.

Si A est un corps gauche (également appelé anneau à division) qui n'est pas commutatif, l'anneau opposé de A est lui aussi un corps gauche non commutatif. Dans ce cas, on parle parfois du « corps opposé de A » plutôt que de « l'anneau opposé de A »[3].

Toute K-algèbre A est isomorphe à l'opposée de la K-algèbre des endomorphismes du A-module A :

.

Voir aussi

Notes et références

  1. Expression conforme à N. Bourbaki, Algèbre I, Paris, , I.96, déf. V, qui emploie la notation A0.
  2. Bourbaki 1970, p. II, 2.
  3. Voir par exemple Bourbaki 1970, p. II.159, prop. 10.

Read other articles:

American actress and comedian (1946–1989) Gilda RadnerRadner as Roseanne Roseannadanna in 1980BornGilda Susan Radner(1946-06-28)June 28, 1946Detroit, Michigan, U.S.DiedMay 20, 1989(1989-05-20) (aged 42)Los Angeles, California, U.S.EducationUniversity of MichiganOccupationsActresscomedianYears active1972–1989Spouses G. E. Smith ​ ​(m. 1980; div. 1982)​ Gene Wilder ​(m. 1984)​RelativesSteve Ballmer (secon...

 

 

Boneka daruma di kuil Daruma-ji, Takasaki Daruma (だるま atau 達磨code: ja is deprecated ) adalah boneka sekaligus mainan asal Jepang dengan bentuk hampir bulat, dengan bagian dalam yang kosong serta tidak memiliki kaki dan tangan. Model dari benda ini adalah Bodhidharma, pendiri dari Zen. Boneka ini merupakan pembawa keberuntungan dan lambang harapan yang belum tercapai. Daruma dijual dengan kedua belah mata yang belum digambar. Orang yang ingin harapan atau cita-citanya terkabul mengga...

 

 

2010 smartphone by Apple iPhone 4G redirects here. For the first iPhone with 4G networking, see iPhone 5. Not to be confused with iPhone 4s. iPhone 4iPhone 4 (GSM model) in blackDeveloperApple Inc.ManufacturerFoxconn (UMTS/GSM model) Pegatron (CDMA model)[1]SloganThis changes everything. Again.Generation4thModelA1332 (GSM model)A1349 (CDMA model)[2]First releasedGSM model (black): June 24, 2010; 13 years ago (June 24, 2010)[a] CDMA model (black): February 10, 201...

Republik Conch BenderaSemboyan: We Seceded Where Others Failed(Indonesia: Kami Memisahkan Diri Saat Orang Lain Gagal)(juga: The Mitigation of World TensionThrough the Exercise of Humor(Indonesia: Penanggulangan Ketegangan DuniaMelalui Latihan Humor))Lagu kebangsaan: Working in the Conch Republic(Indonesia: Bekerja di Republik Conch)Lokasi di Monroe County dan negara bagian FloridaStatusTerintegrasi ke Amerika SerikatIbu kotaKey West24°33′33″N 81°47′3″W / 24...

 

 

Южно-Китайское море Спутниковый снимок моря из NASA World Wind, 2004 г. Характеристики Площадь3 537 289 км² Объём3622 тыс. км³ Наибольшая глубина5560 м Средняя глубина1024 м Расположение 12°11′18″ с. ш. 113°13′35″ в. д.HGЯO Страна Вьетнам Тайвань Малайзия Кам...

 

 

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2021年5月6日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议,译文需在编辑摘要注明来源,或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 约翰斯顿环礁Kalama Atoll 美國本土外小島嶼 Johnston Atoll 旗幟颂歌:《星條旗》The Star-Spangled Banner約翰斯頓環礁�...

Beauty pageant Miss Grand Nicaragua 2023Glennys Medina, the winner of the contestDateMay 24, 2023PresentersEpifanía SolísMaycrin JáenzVenueHoliday Inn Managua - Convention Center, ManaguaBroadcasterYouTube, Facebook LiveEntrants12Placements6DebutsCarazoChinandegaChontalesMadrizMasayaRivasWithdrawalsBoacoNorth Caribbean CoastRío San JuanWinnerGlennys Medina(Rivas)← 2021 Miss Grand Nicaragua 2023 was the second edition of the Miss Grand Nicaragua beauty pageant, held at Holiday ...

 

 

German Holocaust denier (1939–2017) Zündel redirects here. For other people named Zündel, see Zündel (name). Ernst ZündelZündel in 1992BornErnst Christof Friedrich Zündel(1939-04-24)24 April 1939Calmbach, Württemberg, Nazi GermanyDied5 August 2017(2017-08-05) (aged 78)[1]Bad Wildbad, Baden-Württemberg, GermanyKnown forNeo-NazismHolocaust denialPolitical partyRalliement créditiste (before 1968)Liberal (1968)Social Credit (1983-1987)Spouse(s)Janick Larouche(m. 1959...

 

 

 本表是動態列表,或許永遠不會完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。 潛伏於中華民國國軍中的中共間諜列表收錄根據公開資料來源,曾潛伏於中華民國國軍、被中國共產黨聲稱或承認,或者遭中華民國政府調查審判,為中華人民共和國和中國人民解放軍進行間諜行為的人物。以下列表以現今可查知時間為準,正確的間諜活動或洩漏機密時間可能早於或晚於以下所歸�...

French actor (1885–1952) For the Canadian painter, see Pierre Roland Renoir. Pierre RenoirRenoir in 1943Born(1885-03-21)March 21, 1885Paris, FranceDiedMarch 11, 1952(1952-03-11) (aged 66)Paris, FranceOccupationActorYears active1907–1952Spouse Véra Sergine ​ ​(m. 1914; div. 1925)​ChildrenClaude RenoirParent(s)Pierre-Auguste RenoirAline CharigotRelativesJean Renoir (brother) Sophie Renoir (granddaughter) Pierre Renoir (March 21,...

 

 

Hand game for two players or more For other uses, see Rock paper scissors (disambiguation). Ro Sham Bo redirects here. For the album by The Grays, see Ro Sham Bo (album). Rock paper scissorsGenresHand gamePlayers2 (or more)Setup timeNonePlaying timesecondsChanceNone to some, depending on the skill level of those playing Rock paper scissors (also known by several other names and word orders, see § Names) is an intransitive hand game, usually played between two people, in which each player sim...

 

 

Italian red wine Montalcino Brunello di Montalcino is a red DOCG Italian wine produced in the vineyards surrounding the town of Montalcino, in the province of Siena, located about 80 km south of Florence, in the Tuscan wine region. Brunello, a diminutive of bruno (lit. 'brown'), is the name that was given locally to what was believed to be an individual grape variety grown in Montalcino. In 1879 the province of Siena's Amphelographic Commission determined, after a few years of cont...

1949 film Nothing But CoincidenceGerman film posterGermanNichts als Zufälle Directed byE. W. EmoWritten byE. W. EmoKarl FarkasProduced byKurt UlrichStarringTheo LingenSonja ZiemannJosef MeinradCinematographyKurt SchulzEdited byLena NeumannMusic byFranz GrotheProductioncompanyBerolina FilmDistributed byHerzog-FilmverleihRelease date 1 July 1949 (1949-07-01) Running time86 minutesCountryWest GermanyLanguageGerman Nothing But Coincidence (German: Nichts als Zufälle) is a 1949 We...

 

 

Sporting event delegationSweden at the1948 Winter OlympicsIOC codeSWENOCSwedish Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.sok.se (in Swedish and English)in St. MoritzCompetitors43 (42 men, 1 woman) in 6 sportsFlag bearerErik Lindström (ski jumping)MedalsRanked 1st Gold 4 Silver 3 Bronze 3 Total 10 Winter Olympics appearances (overview)192419281932193619481952195619601964196819721976198019841988199219941998200220062010201420182022 Sweden competed at the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzer...

 

 

Ngiong theu fuNgiong theu fuNama lainYong tau fu, nyong theu fu[1], tahu yong, yong tahu, yong tau too, tahu baksoTempat asalTiongkok, Taiwan, Asia TenggaraDibuat olehOrang HakkaBahan utamaTahu, daging cincang (ikan atau babi)Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini  Media: Ngiong theu fu Yong tau fu Hanzi tradisional: 釀豆腐 Hanzi sederhana: 酿豆腐 Makna harfiah: tahu isi Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: niàngdòufǔ Kejia (Hakka) - R...

6th President of Chad from 1990 to 2021 MarshalIdriss Débyإدريس ديبيDéby in 20146th President of ChadIn office28 February 1991 – 20 April 2021[a]Prime Minister See list Jean Alingué Bawoyeu Joseph Yodoyman Fidèle Moungar Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye Koibla Djimasta Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido Nagoum Yamassoum Haroun Kabadi Moussa Faki Pascal Yoadimnadji Adoum Younousmi Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye Youssouf Saleh Abbas Emmanuel Nadingar Djimrangar Dadnadji Kalzeube...

 

 

小泉策太郎 小泉策太郎 小泉 策太郎(こいずみ さくたろう、1872年12月3日(明治5年11月3日) - 1937年(昭和12年)7月28日)は、大正・昭和時代前期の政党政治家。三申(さんしん)と号した。 生涯 1872(明治5)年に静岡県賀茂郡三浜村子浦(現在の南伊豆町)に漁師の9人兄弟の長男として生まれる[1]。小泉定次郎、みねの長男。1886(明治19)年上京して鉄物商田島為...

 

 

Havant & Waterlooville F.C.Calcio The Hawks Segni distintiviUniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Giallo, blu Dati societariCittàHavant Nazione Inghilterra ConfederazioneUEFA Federazione The FA CampionatoNational League South Fondazione1998 Presidente Marcus Hackney Allenatore Shaun Gale StadioWest Leigh Park(5250 posti) Sito webwww.havantandwaterloovillefc.co.uk/ PalmarèsSi invita a seguire il modello di voce Il Havant & Waterlooville Football Club è una società cal...

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une commune de la Côte-d'Or. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Le bandeau {{ébauche}} peut être enlevé et l’article évalué comme étant au stade « Bon début » quand il comporte assez de renseignements encyclopédiques concernant la commune. Si vous avez un doute, l’atelier de lecture du projet Communes de France est à votre disposition pour vous aider. Consultez également la page d’ai...

 

 

Spanish poet (1875–1939) For the metro station, see Antonio Machado (Madrid Metro). For the Portuguese politician, see António Ginestal Machado. For the Brazilian Olympic fencer, see Antônio Machado. In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Machado and the second or maternal family name is Ruiz. Antonio MachadoBornAntonio Cipriano José María y Francisco de Santa Ana Machado y Ruiz(1875-07-26)26 July 1875Seville, SpainDied22 February 1939(1939-02-22) (aged 63)C...