Adnyamathanha

Adnyamathanha
Description de l'image Adnyamathanha_Flag.svg.

Populations importantes par région
Autres
Régions d’origine Chaîne de Flinders et Lac Torrens, Drapeau de l'Australie-Méridionale Australie-Méridionale, Drapeau de l'Australie Australie
Langues Adnyamathanha
Ethnies liées Diyari
Kokatha
Barngarla
Nukunu
Ngadjuri
Malyangapa

modifier

Le peuple Adnyamathanha[1] est un peuple indigène de la chaîne de Flinders dans l’État d’Australie-Méridionale. On donne souvent le nom d’Adnyamathanha à la langue de ce peuple, quoiqu’ils aient tendance eux-mêmes à l’appeler « yura ngarwala ».

Langue

L’adnyamathanha fait partie de la famille des langues Thura-Yura et il en est la seule qui possède des locuteurs natifs capables de le parler couramment[2].

Écologie

Dans le nord de la terre tribale des Adnyamathanha on trouvait les Diyari, avec les Kokatha à l’ouest. On trouvait les Barngarla, les Nukunu et les Ngadjuri dans le sud et les Malyangapa dans l’est.

Le peuple Adnyamathanha est composé des Kuyani, des Wailpi, des Yadliaura (Yadliyawara), des Pirlatapa et d’autres, étant des groupes traditionnels du nord de la chaîne de Flinders et des quelques régions autour de Lac Torrens. Le mot Adnyamathanha signifie « le peuple des rochers ». Ils possèdent une identité commune dérivée de leurs ancêtres ; ce lien est leur langue et leur culture, connues comme « Yura Muda ». Les origines des Adnyamathanha se racontent dans des histoires qui se lèguent aux générations successives[3].

Le peuple Adnyamathanha se désigne souvent comme « yura », tout en désignant les gens non indigènes comme « udnyu ».

Histoire des contacts

En 1851, les premiers européens se sont installés sur la terre du peuple Adnyamathanha, ce qui a déclenché des conflits. Les Aborigènes volent les moutons en faisant de la résistance, ce qui mène aux meurtres par représailles. Bientôt les colons emploient des Aborigènes comme bergers et gouvernantes[3].

Titre indigène

Le , la Cour fédérale d’Australie reconnait au peuple Adnyamathanha le droit, selon un titre indigène, à environ 41 000 km en direction de l’est du bord de Lac Torrens, en traversant le nord de la chaîne de Flinders et en s’approchant de la frontière entre l’État d’Australie-Méridionale et la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud.

En 2016, le Parc national de la chaîne de Flinders était renommé le Parc national de la chaîne d’Ikara-Flinders en reconnaissance des Adnyamathanha, puisque « ikara » signifie « point de rendez-vous » en Adnyamathanha[4].

Références

  1. ↑ « Adnyamathanha », Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Data Archive
  2. ↑ Clendon, Mark, Clamor Schürmann’s Barngarla grammar: A commentary on the first section of A vocabulary of the Parnkalla language, University of Adelaide Press, 2015 [lire en ligne] (ISBN 978-1-925-26111-0)
  3. ↑ a et b (en) Department for Environment and Heritage, « Flinders Ranges National Park », (consulté le )
  4. ↑ « Flinders Ranges renamed in recognition of traditional Aboriginal owners » ABC News (Australia), 1 mai 2016 [1]

Bibliographie

  • ’The Dieyerie tribe of Australian Aborigines’ dans Native Tribes of South Australia, édité par Samuel Gason et J.D. Woods, pages 253-307. E. S. Wigg & Son, Adelaide, 1874, 1879. [2]
  • Howitt, Alfred William, The Native Tribes of South-East Australia. Macmillan Publishers, 1904. [3]

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