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Absaroka (projet d'État)

Absaroka
State of Absaroka
Drapeau de Absaroka
Drapeau de l'Absaroka.
Absaroka (projet d'État)
Carte des États-Unis avec l'Absaroka en rouge.
Administration
Pays Drapeau des États-Unis États-Unis
Capitale Sheridan (proposée)
Adhésion à l’Union non concrétisée
Fuseau horaire UTC-7, UTC-6
Ville la plus peuplée Rapid City
Géographie
Altitude Max. 4 199 m (Grand Teton)
Superficie 162 700 km2
Rang (en théorie) 22e
Coordonnées 43° N à 45° 56 N
102° W à 111° 03 W

L'Absaroka (/æbsɑːrəkə/ ; « enfants de l'oiseau à grand bec » en crow) est une région aux États-Unis, à cheval sur les États du Dakota du Sud, du Montana et du Wyoming, dont des habitants ont envisagé en 1939 de faire sécession pour créer un État à part entière.

Histoire

Carte contemporaine.

Le territoire, qui englobe la chaîne de montagnes homonyme, est dévolu aux peuples Crows et Sioux, en vertu du traité de Fort Laramie (1851)[1].

À l'époque du New Deal un mécontentement profond sourd chez les éleveurs et agriculteurs indépendants de territoires reculés des États du Dakota du Sud, du Montana et du Wyoming, qui s'opposent aux politiques menées par leurs gouverneurs démocrates[2]. En 1939 un des leaders du mouvement, A. R. Swickard, se proclame gouverneur et fait de sa ville de Sheridan la capitale de son prétendu État[3]. Les sécessionnistes misent sur l'accroissement du tourisme dans la région, portée par l'édification (1927-1941) du monument du mont Rushmore[4].

L'idée fait florès auprès des habitants : des plaques d'immatriculation d'automobiles au nom de l'Absaroka sont gravées, une Miss Absaroka 1939 est élue et honorée[5].

Mais le mouvement fait long feu et ce projet de 49e État ne se concrétisera jamais. Le principal témoignage de son existence provient du Federal Writers' Project, qui relate l'épisode comme exemple d'excentricité dans l'Ouest américain[6].

Notes et références

  1. (en) Shannon D. Smith, Give Me Eighty Men: Women and the Myth of the Fetterman Fight, U of Nebraska Press, (ISBN 978-0-8032-1541-2, lire en ligne)
  2. Johnson, Kirk. "A State That Never Was in Wyoming". New York Times. July 24, 2008.
  3. Florence, Mason, Marisa Gierlich, and Andrew Dean Nystrom. 2001. Lonely Planet Rocky Mountains: Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and Idaho. p413.
  4. Michael J. Trinklein (2010). Lost States: True Stories of Texlahoma, Transylvania, and Other States That Never Made It. Quirk Books. (ISBN 978-1-59474-410-5)
  5. License plate for "State of Absaroka." Inventory of the H.H. Horton papers, 1897–1960. Series III, Box 4: Artifacts, circa 1917–circa 1939. University of Wyoming. American Heritage Center.
  6. Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Wyoming. Wyoming: A Guide to Its History, Highways, and People. Oxford University Press. 1941.

Annexes

Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :

Bibliographie

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