petite capitale l en exposant, petite capitale l supérieur, lettre modificative petite capitale l
ᶫ◌
Lettre supérieure

, appelée petite capitale l en exposant, petite capitale l supérieur ou lettre modificative petite capitale l, est un symbole phonétique utilisé dans certaines transcriptions phonétiques non standard ou proches de l’alphabet phonétique international. Il est formé de la lettre latine petite capitale l ‹ ʟ › mise en exposant.

Utilisation

Bernard Bloch et George L. Trager proposent le symbole pour indiquer la désocclusion latérale de la consonne qui le précede en 1942[1].

Transcription du danois København dans Laver 1994.

John Laver utilise la petite capitale l en exposant (ou le l majuscule en exposant) pour représenter une prononciation laxe de la consonne qu’elle suit[2] ou précède[3]. Par exemple, dans la transcription du danois København [kʷʰø̞ᶫpm̩hã̰ʊ̠̃ʔʷn̩̊] ou [kʷʰø̞ᴸpm̩hã̰ʊ̠̃ʔʷn̩̊], « Copenhague »[4] ou dans la transcription de l’etsako pour distinguer les consonnes laxes [βᴸ mᴸ vᴸ zᴸ ɾᴸ ŋᴸ xᴸ ɣᴸ] des consonnes tendues [wᵀ mᵀ vᵀ zᵀ ɾᵀ ɲᵀ kᵀ ɡᵀ][2].


Représentations informatiques

La lettre modificative petite capitale l peut être représenté avec les caractères Unicode suivants (Supplément extensions phonétiques) :

formes représentations chaînes
de caractères
points de code descriptions note
modificative U+1DAB U+1DAB lettre modificative minuscule petite capitale l codé pour le symbole phonétique

Notes et références

  1. Bloch et Trager 1942, p. 33.
  2. a et b Laver 1967.
  3. Laver 1994, p. 473.
  4. Laver 1994, p. 559.

Bibliographie

  • (en) Bernard Bloch et George L. Trager, Outline of linguistic analysis, Baltimore, Linguistic Society of America, coll. « Special publications of the Linguistic Society of America », (lire en ligne)
  • (en) Peter Constable, Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS (no N2740, L2/04-132), (lire en ligne)
  • (en) John Laver, « A preliminary phonology of the Ayele dialect of Esakọ », Journal of West African Languages, vol. 4, no 2,‎ , p. 53-56 (lire en ligne)
  • (en) John Laver, Principles of phonetics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, coll. « Cambridge textbooks in linguistics », (ISBN 978-0-521-45031-7)

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