Étourdissement

Pour les articles homonymes, voir L'Étourdissement et Étourdissement avant abattage.

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Mise en garde médicale
Étourdissement
Classification et ressources externes

CIM-10	R42
CIM-9	780.4
DiseasesDB	17771
eMedicine	neuro/693
MeSH	D004244
modifier

L'étourdissement désigne une instabilité de la perception visuelle. Le terme est cependant imprécis^[1]. Il peut se référer au vertige, à la présyncope, au déséquilibre^[2], ou à une sensation non spécifique comme folie ou la perte de l'orientation^[3]. Il peut être d'origine vasculaire ou nerveuse, et peut, dans certains cas, préluder à la perte de connaissance.

Diagnostic

Anamnèse et examen clinique

Diagnostiquer la cause d'étourdissement peut être difficile, parce que les symptômes sont souvent peu spécifiques et le diagnostic différentiel est large. Cependant, quelques questions simples et des tests d'examen physique peuvent aider à réduire les diagnostics possibles.

Épidémiologie

On estime que les médecins de soins primaires traitent pour plus de la moitié de tous les patients, qui se présentent avec des vertiges^[4]. Environ 20–30 % de la population mondiale rapporte avoir fait l'expérience d'étourdissements durant les années qui ont précédé^[5].

Références

↑ (en) MeSH Dizziness
↑ (en) Reeves, Alexander G., Swenson, Rand S., Disorders of the Nervous System: A Primer, Dartmouth Medical School, 2008 (lire en ligne), « Chapter 14: Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient »
↑ (en) Branch, Jr, William T., Barton, Jason, « Approach to the patient with dizziness », sur UpToDate, 10 février 2011
↑ (en) Schappert SM et Burt CW, « Ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments: United States, 2001-02. », Vital Health Stat, vol. 13, n^o 159,‎ février 2006, p. 1-66 (lire en ligne).
↑ (en) Neuhauser HK, Lempert T, Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects, vol. 29, novembre 2009, 473–81 p. (PMID 19834858, DOI 10.1055/s-0029-1241043)

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