Électorat de Hesse

Électorat de Hesse
(de) Kurfürstentum Hessen

1803–1807
1813–1866

Drapeau Blason
Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après
L'électorat de Hesse en 1866.
Informations générales
Statut État du Drapeau du Saint-Empire Saint-Empire romain germanique
Capitale Cassel
Religion calvinisme
Histoire et événements
1803 Devient un Électorat
1807 Annexé par le Royaume de Westphalie
1813 Rétablissement
1866 Annexé par Prusse

L'électorat de Hesse ou Hesse-Électorale était un État du Saint-Empire romain germanique, puis un État de la Confédération germanique.

L'électorat avait trois voix dans les assemblées générales de la Diète d'Empire et était gouverné par la branche aînée de la Maison de Hesse.

Histoire

En 1801, Guillaume IX de Hesse perdit Saint-Goar et Rheinfels par le traité de Lunéville. En 1803, il reçut le titre d'Électeur, sous le nom de Guillaume Ier. Allié douteux de Napoléon Ier, il vit ses États envahis en 1806 : ils furent partagés entre le royaume de Westphalie et le grand-duché de Francfort. Il les recouvra en 1813 et 1814, et garda le titre d'Électeur, quoique ce titre se trouvât sans objet, le Saint-Empire n'existant plus. Il eut pour successeur en 1821, son fils Guillaume II de Hesse, dont l'administration autoritaire donna naissance à des troubles fréquents, et qui se vit forcé en 1831 de donner une constitution libérale. Sous Frédéric-Guillaume Ier de Hesse, qui lui succéda en 1847, éclatèrent de nouveaux troubles : il les apaisa momentanément en accordant des réformes (1849) qu'il annula dès 1852. La Hesse Électorale fut annexée au royaume de Prusse en 1866 à la suite de la guerre austro-prussienne, et regroupée avec le Duché de Nassau et la Ville libre de Francfort pour y former la province de Hesse-Nassau, dont elle devint le district de Cassel.

Liste des électeurs de Hesse

L'électorat de Hesse est annexé par le royaume de Prusse en 1866.

Liste des prétendants au trône de Hesse-Cassel

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

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