Édit perpétuel

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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Édit perpétuel (homonymie).

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la Rome antique.

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L’édit perpétuel ou édit permanent du préteur (en latin : Edictum perpetuum prætoris) est une compilation de tous les édits rendus précédemment par les préteurs. D'après les indications du Bréviaire d'Eutrope[1], confirmées par la mention en introduction du Digeste de l'empereur Justinien[2], elle fut faite sous Hadrien, par le jurisconsulte Publius Salvius Iulianus pour servir de règle à l'avenir[3].

Il en reste des fragments. Une édition de ceux-ci a été établie par Louis Jousserandot en 1883[4], une autre par Otto Lenel en 1927 à Leipzig[5]

Datation

Le règne d'Hadrien entre 117 et 138 donne une première fourchette de datation. Alors qu'Eutrope ne fournit aucune date de publication de l'édit perpétuel, la Chronique de Jérôme de Stridon la place en 131, date admise par les premiers historiens modernes[6],[7] et reconnue depuis comme arbitraire[8]. Girard dans un mémoire présenté en 1909 situe cette publication entre 125 et 128[9], tandis que d'autres historiens l'estiment postérieure à 131, vers la fin du règne d'Hadrien, probablement lorsque Salvius exerçait la fonction de préteur[10].

Il a servi de modèle pour l'élaboration du Digeste de l'empereur Justinien, publié en 533.

Notes et références

  1. ↑ Eutrope, Abrégé de l'histoire romaine, 8, 17
  2. ↑ Digeste, Constitution, § 18
  3. ↑ Girard 1910, p. 17
  4. ↑ Louis Jousserandot L'Edit perpétuel restitué et commenté Editeur Marescq aîné Paris 1883 ; lien https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55815918/f8.image
  5. ↑ Lien internet : http://fama2.us.es/fde/ocr/2006/edictumPerpetuum.pdf
  6. ↑ Edward Gibbon (trad. François Guizot), Histoire de la décadence et de la chute de l'Empire romain, t. 8, Paris, Lefèvre, 1819, p. 196
  7. ↑ André Piganiol, Histoire de Rome, 1934, p. 292
  8. ↑ Girard 1910, p. 19
  9. ↑ Girard 1910, p. 20-26
  10. ↑ Merlin 1951, p. 109-110

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