Échange volontaire

L'échange volontaire est l'action des acheteurs et des vendeurs s'engageant librement et volontairement dans des transactions sur un marché. De plus, les transactions sont réalisées de telle sorte qu'à la fois l'acheteur et le vendeur tirent une utilité de l'échange.

Concept

L'échange volontaire est une hypothèse fondamentale de l'économie néoclassique[1]. Les modèles économiques soulignent dans leur grande majorité que lorsque des échanges ont lieu sur un marché, ils sont le fruit d'une volonté conjointe, ou de la rencontre de deux volontés individuelles. Ce postulat permet de fonder un certain nombre de théories, telles que celle de l'efficience du marché, les effets positifs du libre-échange, etc.[2]

L'emphase mise sur le caractère volontaire de l'échange évacue toutefois les formes de servitudes liées à l'exploitation sociale. Ainsi, les marxistes soulignent que lors de la rencontre entre une offre de travail et une demande de travail, le travailleur produit une plus-value qui n'est pas prise en compte dans le salaire du travailleur[3].

Des économistes ont montré que les échanges sont plus propices à l'efficacité économique que les échanges imposés par les pouvoirs publics. d'autre part, il n'y a aucune base théorique pour argumenter que partiellement ou totalement, l'échange involontaire est préférable à d'autres dispositifs, tels que les mandats de gouvernement[4].

L'échange volontaire est parfois à l'origine d'arguments au sujet de la moralité des marchés. Les libertaires invoquent souvent la moralité ainsi que de l'efficacité de l'échange volontaire à l'encontre de mandats de gouvernement, y compris de nombreuses formes de taxation. La moralité des marchés, même ceux adhérant rarement à un vrai échange volontaire, sont néanmoins un sujet de débat[5],[6].

Références

  1. (en) « The Voluntary Exchange Theory of Public Economy », Qje.oxfordjournals.org (consulté le )
  2. Fabrice Tricou, La Loi de l'offre et de la demande: une enquête sur le libéralisme économique, Presses Univ. Septentrion, (ISBN 978-2-7574-0004-3, lire en ligne)
  3. Cahiers internationaux de sociologie, Presses universitaires de France, (lire en ligne)
  4. (en) Marianne Johnson, « Public Economics, Market Failure, and Voluntary Exchange », SSRN Electronic Journal, vol. 47(suppl 1),‎ (présentation en ligne).
  5. (en) « The Morality of Market Behavior », Openmarket.org (consulté le )
  6. (en) World Archipelago, « What Money Can't Buy », Macmillan, sur Macmillan (consulté le )

Read other articles:

Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square GardenPoster promosiGenreFilm konserDisutradarai olehLaurieann GibsonDiproduksi olehLady GagaTroy CarterVincent HerbertJimmy IovineSteven Johnson (co)MembintangiLady GagaEditing olehMichael PolitoBill DeRondeKevin O'DeaKatie HetlandKompani produksiMermaid FilmsHBO EntertainmentNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaInggrisSaluran asliHBOTanggal rilis 7 Mei 2011 (2011-05-07) Waktu tayang120 menitOfficial we...

 

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Jatayu (disambiguasi). Jatayuजटायू,Sayap Jatayu ditebas oleh RawanaTokoh dalam mitologi HinduNamaJatayuEjaan Dewanagariजटायू,Ejaan IASTJatāyūKitab referensiRamayana, PuranaGolonganburungSaudaraSempati (sepupu) Jatayu (Dewanagari: जटायूः; ,IAST: Jatāyūḥ, जटायूः) adalah tokoh protagonis dari wiracarita Ramayana, putra Aruna dan keponakan Garuda. Ia merupakan saudara Sempati. Ia adalah seekor burung yang melih...

 

Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru Kejatuhan Babilonia menandakan berakhirnya Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru setelah ditaklukkan oleh Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah pada tahun 539 SM. Nabonidus (Nabû-na'id, 556–539 SM, putra pendeta wanita Asiria Adda-Guppi,[1] naik takhta pada tahun 556 SM, setelah menggulingkan raja muda Labashi-Marduk. Untuk waktu yang lama dia mempercayakan pemerintahan kepada putranya, pangeran dan koregen Belsyazar, yang merupakan seorang prajurit yang piawai, namun seorang politi...

Часть серии статей о Холокосте Идеология и политика Расовая гигиена · Расовый антисемитизм · Нацистская расовая политика · Нюрнбергские расовые законы Шоа Лагеря смерти Белжец · Дахау · Майданек · Малый Тростенец · Маутхаузен ·&...

 

History of Indian state of Bihar The Maurya Empire with capital at Patliputra spanned across the Indian subcontinent as well as over parts of modern-day Iran and modern-day Myanmar. History of South Asia Outline Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC) Madrasian culture Soanian culture Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC) Bhirrana culture (7570–6200 BC) Mehrgarh culture (7000–3300 BC) Edakkal culture (5000–3000 BC) Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC) Anarta tradition (c. 3950–1900 BC) Ahar-Banas...

 

2013 mixtape by Lil DurkSigned to the StreetsMixtape by Lil DurkReleasedOctober 10, 2013Recorded2013GenreHip hopdrillLength51:19LabelOnly the FamilyProducerDJ Drama (exec.)Chase DavisDree The DrummerFadeNito BeatsParis BeullerSunny NorwayTGMYoung ChopZaytovenLil Durk chronology Life Ain't No Joke(2012) Signed to the Streets(2013) Signed to the Streets 2(2014) Singles from Signed to the Streets Dis Ain't What U WantReleased: May 5, 2013 Signed to the Streets is a mixtape by American dr...

Flag carrier and largest airline of Finland Finnair IATA ICAO Callsign AY FIN FINNAIR Founded1 November 1923; 100 years ago (1923-11-01)(as Aero O/Y)[1]HubsHelsinki AirportFrequent-flyer programFinnair PlusAllianceOneworldSubsidiariesFlyNordic (2003–2007)Finnair Facilities ManagementFinnair CargoFinnair Aircraft FinanceFinnair Travel ServicesNordic Regional AirlinesFleet size79 (incl. Nordic Regional Airlines)[2] Destinations104[3]Parent companyFinn...

 

Albania This is a list of books in the English language which deal with Albania and its geography, history, inhabitants, culture, biota, etc. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Al-Halwaji, 'Abd Al-Sattar and Habib Allah 'Azimi – Catalogue of Islamic Manuscripts in the National Library of Albania, Tirana/Fihris makhtutat al-Islamiya bi Maktabat al-wataniya al-Albaniya...

 

Musical group from Argentina This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2010) Not to be confused with Callejero. CallejerosOriginVilla Celina, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaGenresArgentine rock, rolinga rock, alternative rockYears active1995 (1995) – 2010 (2010)LabelsRocanroles ArgentinosMembersPatricio Santos Fontanet Christián Dios TorrejónAbel Crispín PedrellosLuis LamasÁlvaro Pedi PuentesJua...

American baseball player This article is about the former second baseman. For the former baseball pitcher, see Mark McLemore (pitcher). This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Mark McLemore – news · newsp...

 

American poet Phyllis McGinleyBornMarch 21, 1905Ontario, OregonDiedFebruary 22, 1978(1978-02-22) (aged 72)New York City, NYAlma mater University of Southern California University of Utah (BA) Notable awardsPulitzer PrizeSpouse Charles L. Hayden ​(m. 1937)​Children2 children, including Julie Hayden Phyllis McGinley (March 21, 1905 – February 22, 1978) was an American author of children's books and poetry. Her poetry was in the style of light verse, spec...

 

Франц Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдскийнем. Franz von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld герцог Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский 8 сентября 1800 — 9 декабря 1806 Предшественник Эрнст Фридрих Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский Преемник Эрнст I Саксен-Кобург-Заальфельдский Рождение 15 июля 1750(1750-07-15)Кобург, Сакс...

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

For other people with the same name, see James Roche. James M. RocheBornJames Michael Roche(1906-12-16)December 16, 1906Elgin, Illinois, U.S.DiedJune 6, 2004(2004-06-06) (aged 97)Belleair, Florida, U.S.Occupation(s)statistician, automobile company executiveKnown forChairman and CEO of General Motors James Michael Roche (December 16, 1906 – June 6, 2004) was an American statistician who served as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairman of the Board at General Motors Corporat...

 

German mathematician Siegfried GottwaldSiegfried Gottwald, 2004Born(1943-03-30)30 March 1943Limbach, Saxony, GermanyDied20 September 2015(2015-09-20) (aged 72)NationalityGermanEducationUniversity of LeipzigOccupation(s)mathematician, logician, historian of scienceKnown forfuzzy sets, history of mathematicsSpousemarriedChildren3 Siegfried Johannes Gottwald (30 March 1943 – 20 September 2015) was a German mathematician, logician and historian of science.[1] Life and work Got...

TVR Cerbera Speed 12Descrizione generaleCostruttore TVR Tipo principaleCoupé Produzionedal 2000 al 2005 Altre caratteristicheDimensioni e massaLunghezza4300[1] mm Larghezza1960 mm Altezza1100 mm Passo2642 mm Massa975 kg AltroAltre antenateTVR Tuscan T400R La Cerbera Speed 12 è un'auto prototipo della casa automobilistica inglese TVR. Il contesto La prima versione, definita Project 7/12, fu presentata nei saloni automobilistici nel 1996 e successivi...

 

Attempt to demonstrate the 4th dimension in visual arts An illustration from Jouffret's Traité élémentaire de géométrie à quatre dimensions. The book, which influenced Picasso, was given to him by Princet. New possibilities opened up by the concept of four-dimensional space (and difficulties involved in trying to visualize it) helped inspire many modern artists in the first half of the twentieth century. Early Cubists, Surrealists, Futurists, and abstract artists took ideas from higher-...

 

Paul di RestaDi Resta pada tahun 2014.Lahir16 April 1986 (umur 38)[1][2] Uphall, West Lothian, SkotlandiaKarier Kejuaraan Dunia Formula SatuKebangsaan InggrisJumlah lomba58Juara Dunia0Menang0Podium0Total poin121Posisi pole0Lap tercepat0Lomba pertamaGrand Prix Australia 2011Lomba terakhirGrand Prix Brazil 2013Klasemen 201312th (48 Points) Paul di Resta (lahir 16 April 1986) merupakan seorang mantan pembalap Formula 1 asal Skotlandia, di mana ia bergabung bersama tim Force ...

Geometri eliptik terkadang juga disebut Geometri Riemann. Templat:Geometri umum Bagian dari seri artikel mengenaiRelativitas umum G μ ν + Λ g μ ν = 8 π G c 4 T μ ν {\displaystyle G_{\mu \nu }+\Lambda g_{\mu \nu }={8\pi G \over c^{4}}T_{\mu \nu }} PengantarSejarah Rumus matematis SumberUji coba Prinsip dasar Teori relativitas Kerangka acuan Kerangka acuan inersia Prinsip ekuivalensi Ekuivalensi massa–energi Relativitas khusus Garis duni...

 

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (مارس 2023) كعكة عيد ميلادمعلومات عامةالنوع تورتة تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات كعكة عيد الميلاد هي كعكة تؤكل ...