W5 (sumu)

W5
Spitzer-avaruusteleskoopilla otettu infrapunakuva W5-sumusta.
Spitzer-avaruusteleskoopilla otettu infrapunakuva W5-sumusta.

Sh 2-199, IC 1848, LBN 667 [1]

Fyysiset ominaisuudet
Tyyppi Emissiosumu [2]
Säde 73,3 pc [3]
Absoluuttinen magnitudi +6,5 [1]
Ikä 4,4 milj. vuotta [3]
Astrometriset ominaisuudet
Rektaskensio 02h 49m 21,0s [1]
Deklinaatio +60° 38′ 03″ [1]
Epookki J2000,0
Etäisyys 2 100 pc [3]
Näennäinen koko 120′ [1]
Galaksi Linnunrata [2]
Tähdistö Kassiopeia [2]

W5 eli Sh 2-199 (engl. Soul Nebula) on emissiosumu, joka sijaitsee Linnunradan Perseuksen haarassa, 6 500 valovuoden päässä Aurinkokunnasta.[2][4] Maasta katsottuna se on sikiön tai vastasyntyneen lapsen muotoinen[2] ja peittää taivaankannesta neljä kertaa Kuun kokoisen alueen Kassiopeian tähdistön suunnassa.[4] Sumupilven säteilemän heikon valon havaitsi ensimmäisenä amerikkalainen tähtitieteilijä Edward Emerson Barnard 1900-luvun alussa ja sen lähettämät radioaallot hollantilainen tähtitieteilijä Gart Westerhout vuonna 1958.[5]

W5-sumun keskellä sijaitsee avoin tähtijoukko IC 1848, jonka voimakas ultraviolettisäteily ionisoi sumun vetyatomit ja saa sen loistamaan sähkömagneettisen säteilyn eri aallonpituuksilla.[2] Tähtijoukkoon kuuluu raskaita, 15–60 kertaa Auringon massaisia tähtiä, joista puhaltavat tähtituulet ovat kovertaneet pilveen kaksi valtavaa, nuorempien tähtisukupolvien reunustamaa onteloa.[4]

Kirkkaimmat tähdet [3]
Tähti Spektriluokka
HD 17505 O7
HD 17520 O9V
HD 237019 O8V
HD 237007 B0V
HD 237011 B2

Havainnoimalla W5-sumun lähettämää infrapunasäteilyä NASA:n Spitzer-avaruusteleskoopilla tiedemiehet ovat ensimmäistä kertaa löytäneet todisteita teorialle, jonka mukaan raskaista tähdistä purkautuva aine ja säteily voivat tiivistää ympäröivää kaasua ja pölyä niin voimakkaasti, että syntyy uusia tähtiä (engl. triggered star formation).[4]

Nuoria tähtiä W5-sumun punertavissa kaasu- ja pölymuodostumissa. Ne synnyttänyt ”äititähti” jää kuvan yläreunan ulkopuolelle.

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e Simbad, IC 1848
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Galaxy Map, Heart and Soul
  3. ↑ a b c d Galaxy Map, Sh 2-199
  4. ↑ a b c d Spitzer Space Telescope, Generations of Stars Pose for Family Portrait
  5. ↑ The New Astronomy, s. 74

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