Vinoumasokeus

Vinoumasokeus (engl. bias blind spot) on kognitiivinen vinouma, jossa ihminen tunnistaa vinoumien vaikutuksen muiden päätöksentekoon, mutta ei huomaa niiden vaikutusta omaan päätöksentekoonsa[1][2]. Termin kehitti Princetonin yliopiston sosiaalipsykologi Emily Pronin yhdessä kollegoidensa Daniel Linin ja Lee Rossin kanssa[3]. Vinoumasokeus on saanut nimensä näkökentän sokean pisteen mukaan[4].

Useimmilla ihmisillä näyttäisi olevan vinoumasokeutta. Tutkimuksessa, johon osallistui yli 600 yhdysvaltalaista, yli 85 % uskoi olevansa vähemmän vinoutuneita kuin keskivertoamerikkalainen. Vain yksi osallistuja uskoi olevansa keskivertoamerikkalaista vinoutuneempi. Tämä ilmiö on toistettu useissa tutkimuksissa, ja näyttää siltä, että yleisesti ottaen vahvempi usko omaan vapaaseen tahtoon liittyy voimakkaampaan vinoumasokeuteen.[5] Vinoumasokeus näyttää olevan pysyväisluonteinen yksilön ominaispiirre, joka eroaa yksilöiden välillä. Lisäksi sitä voidaan mitata.[4].

Vinoumasokeus vaikuttaa olevan todellista sokeutumista siinä mielessä, ettei se liity todelliseen päätöksentekokykyyn. Päätöksentekokykyä mittaavat testit eivät korreloi vinoumasokeuden kanssa. Toisin sanoen useimmat ihmiset uskovat olevansa vähemmän vinoutuneita kuin muut, riippumatta heidän todellisesta päätöksentekokyvystään.[4]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Robson, David: Älykkyysloukku: miksi teemme tyhmiä virheitä ja miten tehdä parempia päätöksiä. (s. 304 lainaus: ”Sokeus omille vinoumille: Taipumuksemme nähdä muiden virheet samalla, kun olemme tietämättömiä oman päättelymme ennakkoluuloista ja virheistä.”) Suomentanut Kaisa Koskela. Jyväskylä: Tuuma-kustannus, 2020. ISBN 978-952-451-999-1 Finna:3amk.284581
  2. ↑ Pronin, Emily: The Bias Blind Spot: Psychological Dynamics and Social Consequences Center for Behavioral and Decision Research. Arkistoitu 29.1.2012. Viitattu 18.6.2024. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Pronin, E., Lin, D. Y., & Ross, L.: The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2002, 28. vsk, nro 3, s. 369–381. doi:10.1177/0146167202286008 (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ a b c Scopelliti, I., Morewedge, C. K., McCormick, E., Min, H. L., Lebrecht, S., & Kassam, K. S.: Bias Blind Spot: Structure, Measurement, and Consequences. Management Science, 2015, 61. vsk, nro 10, s. 2468–2486. doi:10.1287/mnsc.2014.2096 (englanniksi)
  5. ↑ Chandrashekar, S. P., Yeung, S. K., Yau, K. C., Cheung, C. Y., Agarwal, T. K., Wong, C. Y. J., Pillai, T., Thirlwell, T. N., Leung, W. N., Tse, C., & Li, Y. T.: Agency and self-other asymmetries in perceived bias and shortcomings: Replications of the Bias Blind Spot and link to free will beliefs. Judgment & Decision Making, November 2021, 16. vsk, nro 6, s. 1392–1412. doi:10.1017/S1930297500008470 Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 18.6.2024. (englanniksi)

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