Valotusaika

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Valotusajan säätökiekko perinteisessä filmikamerassa.
Animoitu kuva, joka näyttää valotusajan ja -aukon vaikutuksen liikkuvassa kohteessa ja syvyysterävyydessä.
Pitkällä valotusajalla otetussa kuvassa näkyy, kun liikkuvat autot ovat pimeällä muodostaneet viivoja.

Valotusaika (myös suljinaika, engl. shutter speed) tarkoittaa valokuvauksessa aikaa, jonka kameran suljin on auki valotuksen aikana. Yleensä valotusaika ilmoitetaan sekunnin murto-osina, kuten 1/250 s, joka voidaan merkitä myös 250. [1]

Mitä vähemmän kuvauskohteessa on valoa, sitä pidempi pitää valotusajan olla, jotta valoherkälle kuvakennolle tai filmille lankeaa riittävästi valoa halutun tuloksen saavuttamiseksi.[1] Pidempi valotusaika vaatii vakaampaa kuvausotetta tai jalustan käyttöä, jotta vältetään heilahtamisesta johtuva kuvan epäterävyys, joka joskin tarjoaa paremman kuvanlaadun.

Nykyään valotusaikojen geometrinen sarja on vakiintunut seuraavaksi:

  • 1/4 000 s = 0,244 ms [1]
  • 1/2 000 s = 0,488 ms
  • 1/1 000 s = 0,977 ms
  • 1/500 s = 1,95 ms
  • 1/250 s = 3,9 ms
  • 1/125 s = 7,8 ms
  • 1/60 s = 15,6 ms
  • 1/30 s = 31,25 ms
  • 1/15 s = 62,5 ms
  • 1/8 s = 125 ms
  • 1/4 s = 250 ms
  • 1/2 s = 500 ms
  • 1 s = 1 000 ms
  • 10 s = 10 000 ms [2]
  • B – suljin on auki niin kauan kuin laukaisinta pidetään pohjassa (bulb)
  • T – suljin sulkeutuu vasta kun laukaisinta painetaan uudestaan (time)
  • X – salaman synkronointia varten tarvittava asetus

Jokainen askel sarjassa puolittaa tai kaksinkertaistaa filmille tai kennolle pääsevän valon määrän. Koska myös objektiivin himmenninaukko muuttuu vastaavassa sarjassa, voidaan sama valotus saavuttaa usealla valotusajan ja himmenninaukon yhdistelmällä. Esimerkiksi 1/125 ja f:8 tuottaa saman valotuksen kuin 1/250 ja f:5,6.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Nasim Mansurov: Introduction to Shutter Speed in Photography photographylife.com. 15.9.2022. PhtographyLife. Viitattu 4.7.2023. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Darren Rowse: Shutter Speed in Photography: The Essential Guide digital-photography-school.com. Digital Photography School. Viitattu 4.7.2023. (englanniksi)

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