Vainaja

Vainaja tarkoittaa kuollutta ihmistä. Vainajalla tarkoitetaan joko kuollutta ihmisruumista eli kalmoa tai kuolleen sielua, henkilöä, persoonaa tai elämänkaarta. Varsinkin viimeksi mainitussa merkityksessä vainajiin liittyy paljon uskomuksia, jotka liittyvät kuolemanjälkeiseen elämään. Vainaja-nimitystä käytetään myös, kun puhutaan kuolleesta henkilöstä sellaisena kuin hän oli ollut eläessään (äitivainaa, isävainaa).

Vainajan sielun tai hengen on useissa kulttuureissa uskottu jäävän eloon ruumiin kuoltua. Tällöin vainajia on usein palvottu. Toisaalta vainajan on saatettu myös uskoa olevan pelätty kummitus tai muuttuvan muuksikin olennoksi kuten eläimeksi.

Vainajien kohtalo on eri uskomuksissa erilainen. Monissa vainaja joutuu vainajalaan, vainajien kotiin tai maahan. Vainajaloita on ollut erilaisia: toiset hyviä paikkoja, toiset taas pahoja, ja jotkin eivät kumpaakaan. Joskus vainajan olosuhteet on ajateltu tulokseksi hänen elämästään.

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