Tuntien kirjat

Huhtikuu. Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry -rukouskirjan kuvitusta.

Tuntien kirjat (ransk. livres d’heures) olivat maallikoille tarkoitettuja hartaus- ja rukouskirjoja, joiden kuvissa tuotiin esiin paikallista arkielämää ja luontoa. Kirjojen kuvittajat olivat yleensä itsekin maallikoita, joten kuvien maisemia ja toimintoja voidaan pitää autenttisina kuvauksina. Tuntien kirjat edustavat gotiikan kirjamaalaustaidetta. [1]

Tuntien kirjat olivat erittäin suosittuja myöhäiskeskiajalla. Ensimmäiset tuntien kirjat ilmestyivät 1200-luvulla, ja ne sisälsivät rukouksia, jotka tuli lausua hetkipalvelukseen kuuluvina rukoushetkinä Neitsyt Marian kunniaksi. Tuntien kirjoja ryhdyttiin valmistamaan, koska keskiajalla oli suuri kysyntä pienille, perheen tai yksityishenkilöiden käyttöön sopiville rukouskirjoille. Tämä tarve loi pohjan gootiikan kirjamaalaustaiteen kehitykselle. Runsaasti kuvitetut rukouskirjat vaihtelivat sisällöltään tilaajiensa maun mukaan.[2]

Tuntien kirjoista loisteliaimpiin lukeutuu Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (noin 1409–1416). Se valmistettiin Pohjois-Ranskassa, ja kirja kuuluu nykyisin Chantillyn Musée Condéen kokoelmiin. Très Riches Heures du duc de Berryn sivuilla kuvataan pikkutarkasti Berryn herttuan näyttävät tilukset ja asunnot. Rukouskirjassa on lisäksi Limbourgin veljesten laatimat upeat kalenterikuvat sekä useita kohtauksia Raamatusta ja pyhimysten elämästä. Muita kuuluisia tuntien kirjoja ovat Livre d'heures de Jeanne d'Évreux (noin 1325) ja Livres d’Heures de Rohan.[2]

Lähteet

  • Kämäräinen, Aki et al. (toim.): Suomen ja maailman taide - Hakemisto, Sanasto. WSOY, 1986. ISBN 951-0-10729-8

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Kämäräinen et al. 1986, s. 144
  2. ↑ a b The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica: Book of hours Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 2.2.2021. (englanniksi)

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