Taksila

Taksila
Maailmanperintökohde
Sijainti Punjab, Pakistan
33°46′45″N, 72°53′15″E
Tyyppi kulttuuriperintökohde
Kriteerit III, VI[1]
Tunnusnumero 139
Valintahistoria
Valintavuosi 1980[1]

Taksila
Taksila

Taksila (sanskritiksi तक्षशिला, takṣaśilā) oli muinainen kaupunki Punjabissa, Indus- ja Hydaspes-jokien välissä. Kaupungin rauniot sijaitsevat noin 30 kilometriä luoteeseen Islamabadista. Taksila sijaitsi Gandaran ja Gangesjoen varrella sijainneen Magadhan välisen tien varrella. Toinen tärkeä reitti vei Industa pitkin Intian valtamerelle. [2]

Dareios I liitti Taksilan Persian valtakuntaan, mutta Persian valta ei ilmeisesti kestänyt kauaa. Aleksanteri Suuri valtasi alueen vuonna 326 eaa. Taksilan kuningas Ambhi (Ofhis kreikkalaisissa lähteissä), jota kutsuttiin myös nimellä Taksiles, oli kutsunut Aleksanterin maahansa vuonna 329 eaa. Hän halusi Aleksanterin apua Poros-nimistä ruhtinasta vastaan. Aleksanteri löikin Poroksen Hydaspesjoen taistelussa. Aleksanteri solmi tämän jälkeen liiton Poroksen kanssa ja pakotti Ambhin ja Poroksen sopimaan riitansa. Lähtiessään alueelta Aleksanteri jätti sinne varuskunnan ja erään Filippoksen satraapiksi. Filippos murhattiin vuonna 325 eaa. ja Aleksanteri lähetti Eudamoksen tämän seuraajaksi. Aleksanterin kuoltua makedonialainen varuskunta nousi kapinaan ja marssi Babylonia kohti, mutta heidät kukistettiin. Vuonna 316 eaa. Chandragupta saattoi vallata alueen itselleen. Ašoka toimi Taksilan hallitsijana ennen kuin hän seurasi isäänsä Bindusaraa.[2]

Vuonna 184 eaa. Kreikkalais-baktrialainen kuningaskunta valtasi Taksilan. Kreikkalainen kuningas Demetrios II hallitsi Taksilasta käsin. Vuoden 110 eaa. jälkeen Saka-heimo valtasi Taksilan. Ensimmäisen vuosisadan alussa parthialaiset valtasivat Taksilan. [2]

Taksilan rauniot ovat Unescon maailmanperintökohde vuodesta 1980.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Taxila Unesco. Viitattu 20.2.2019. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b c Jona Lendering: Taxila Livius.org. Arkistoitu 13.10.2004. Viitattu 1.12.2008.

Aiheesta muualla

Muinaisen Persian valtakunnan maakunnat

Arabia · Arakhosia · Aria · Armenia · Assyria · Babylonia · Baktria · Dahai · Drangiana · Egypti · Foinikia/Palestiina · Fryygia · Gandara · Gedrosia · Hyrkania · Joonia · Intia · Indus · Kappadokia · Kaaria · Khorasmia · Kilikia · Kolkhis · Kush · Libya/Kyrene · Lyydia · Maka · Makedonia (valtakunta) · Meedia · Paflagonia ·Pamfylia · Parthia · Persis · Saka · Sattagydia · Sogdiana · Susiana · Traakia

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