Tähdenpeitto

Hieman aikaisemmin Kuun peitossa ollut Aldebaran 29. heinäkuuta 1997. Ilmiö ei näkynyt Suomessa.

Tähdenpeitto eli okkultaatio syntyy, kun kirkas tähti peittyy Kuun tai planeetan taakse. Planeetan taakse peittyviä kirkkaita tähtiä tavataan harvoin, mutta Kuun taakse peittyvät tähdet ovat melko tavallisia.

Tähdenpeittoa on käytetty muun muassa Albert Einsteinin yleisen suhteellisuusteorian ennusteiden todentamiseen. Teorian mukaan Auringon painovoimakenttä aiheuttaa Auringon läheltä kulkevaan kaukaisesta tähdestä Maahan saapuvaan valoon taipuman, jolle teorian perusteella voidaan laskea tarkka arvo. Taipuman vaikutuksesta Auringon reunan läheisyydessä näkyvä tähti näyttää siirtyvän hiukan Auringosta poispäin. Ilmiön suora havaitseminen on kuitenkin vaikeaa Auringon kirkkauden vuoksi. Taipuman mittaamiseksi tarvittiin samanaikainen Kuun aiheuttama tähdenpeitto ja täydellinen auringonpimennys. Valon taipuminen Auringon painovoimakentässä vahvistettiin vuoden 1919 auringonpimennyksen yhteydessä. Englantilaiset suorittivat tämän pimennyksen aikana mittauksia Guineanlahden Príncipen saarella[1] ja Brasiliassa. Saatujen valokuvalevyjen tutkiminen osoitti Einsteinin teorian ennustaman tuloksen (noin 1,7 kaarisekuntia) oikeaksi 10 %:n tarkkuudella. Havainto julkistettiin Lontoossa 6. marraskuuta 1919 pidetyssä Royal Societyn kokouksessa.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Famous Eclipse of 1919 Einstein Symposium Bibliotheca Alexandrina 2005. Viitattu 27.12.2012. (englanniksi)

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