Suusyöpä

Suusyöpä

Suusyöpä on suussa esiintyvä syöpä. Sen yleisimmät muodot ovat huuli- ja kielisyövät. Harvinaisempia taudin muotoja ovat sylkirauhas- ja suuontelosyövät.

Tupakointi aiheuttaa noin 70–80 prosenttia kaikista suusyövistä. Muihin riskitekijöihin kuuluu runsas alkoholin käyttö. Myös usein tapahtuva auringolle altistuminen on huulisyövän riskitekijä[1]. Suusyöpä on yleisempi miehillä kuin naisilla. Suusyöpä on alkuvaiheessa usein lähes oireeton.

Suusyöpä on maailmanlaajuisesti kuudenneksi yleisin syöpäsairaus.[2]

Henkilö, joka sekä juo alkoholijuomia että tupakoi, on 15-kertaisessa vaarassa sairastua suusyöpään.[3] Runsaasti juovilla mutta tupakoimattomilla henkilöillä suusyöpäriski on kolminkertainen.[4] Leukoplakiaa, tavallisimmin tupakoitsijalla tavattavaa suun limakalvomuutosta, seuraa kymmenen vuoden kuluessa suusyöpä 2–6 prosentilla potilaista.[5] Erytroplakia on punainen limakalvomuutos, jonka muuttuminen pahanlaatuiseksi on todennäköistä.[6] Myös punajäkälä saattaa muuttua suusyöväksi.[7]

Koska suuvedet usein sisältävät runsaasti alkoholia, niiden pitkäaikainen käyttö kasvattaa suusyöpään sairastumisen vaaraa. Myös käytetty ravinto vaikuttaa sairastumisen vaaraan; monipuolista, tuoreita vihanneksia, hedelmiä ja kalaa sisältävää ruokaa syömällä voi suojautua taudilta. Huono suuhygienia voi osaltaan vaikuttaa sairastumiseen.[8]

Noin joka toinen suusyöpäpotilas toipuu taudistaan.[9] Huulisyöpä on kuitenkin huomattavan hyväennusteinen: 95 prosenttia miehistä ja 100 prosenttia naisista on elossa viiden vuoden kuluttua diagnoosista.[10]

Suu- ja kurkkusyöpiin sairastuneiden ja heidän läheistensä tueksi on perustettu Suomen Kurkku- ja Suusyöpäyhdistys, joka kuuluu Syöpäjärjestöihin.

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