Strateginen ilmapommitus

Tokio 10. maaliskuuta 1945 tapahtuneen massiivisen ilmapommituksen jälkeen. Pommitus oli tuhoisin sotilasilmailun historiassa.

Strateginen ilmapommitus on sotastrategia, jonka tarkoitus on tuhota vihollisen kyky puolustautua esimerkiksi tuhoamalla sen maa- ja merivoimat. Pommituksiin voidaan käyttää strategisia pommikoneita, pitkän tai keskipitkän kantaman ohjuksia tai ydinaseistettuja hävittäjäpommikoneita. Hyökkäykset tehdään vihollisen voittamisen kannalta tärkeisiin kohteisiin.

Strategisia pommituksia suorittivat muun muassa Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta ja Yhdysvallat toisessa maailmansodassa vuosina 1943–1945 Saksaa vastaan: britit yöpommituksina ja yhdysvaltalaiset päiväpommituksina.[1] Brittien ajatus siirtyä yksittäisten kohteiden yöpommituksista kaupunkialueiden yöpommituksiin syntyi ajatuksesta, joka perustui tutkimuksiin yöpommitusten epätarkkuudesta. Kaupungeissa joka tapauksissa aiheutuvan tuhon, myös siviilituhojen, uskottiin vaikuttavan saksalaisten yleiseen tahtoon taistella toinen maailmansota loppuun rauhaan taipumalla jo ennen miehitystä.[2] Siviilikohteiden massapommittaminen tarkoituksella voi osoittautua sotarikokseksi.

Strategisten pommitusten vastakohta on taktinen pommitus, jonka tarkoituksena yleensä on tukea kaukotykistönä maavoimien toimintaa. Yksi tällainen malli on liittynyt salamasotaan, siihen, että ylivoimainen Luftwaffe käytti muun muassa Junkers Ju 87 -syöksypommittajia kohteiden tuhoamiseen puolustajan syvyydessä auttaen panssarijoukkoja läpäisemään nopeasti rintama.[3]

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ R. Cargill Hall, Air Force History and Museums Program: Case studies in strategic bombardment, s. 91-93, 190-191. [Washington, D.C.]: Air Force History and Museums Program, 1998. 39007232 Virhe: Virheellinen ISBN-tunniste Teoksen verkkoversio Viitattu 9.3.2022.
  2. ↑ The Effects of Strategic Bombing in WWII on German Morale AOAV. 8.7.2020. Viitattu 9.3.2022. en-us
  3. ↑ Benjamin Franklin, III Cooling: Case studies in the development of close air support. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, U.S. Air Force, 1990. 22382764 Virhe: Virheellinen ISBN-tunniste Teoksen verkkoversio Viitattu 9.3.2022.

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