Rouranin kaanikunta

Rouranin kaanikunnan sijainti kartalla.

Rouranin kaanikunta oli Itä-Aasiassa sijainnut paimentolaisheimojen valtio 300-luvulta 500-luvulle. Valtion nimi voidaan kirjoittaa myös muodoissa Ruanruan, Ju-Juan tai Juan-Juan, joista viimeksi mainittu on alun perin kiinankielinen halventava nimitys, joka tarkoittaa ”epämiellyttävästi kiemurtelevaa hyönteistä”.[1]

Rouranin kaanikunnan heimot olivat todennäköisesti mongolilaista alkuperää, ja heistä käytetään yhteisnimitystä Rouran. Yksi kaanikunnan alaheimoista oli historian ensimmäinen, joka käytti itsestään nimitystä Türk.[2] Rouranit olivat mahdollisesti samaa kansaa kuin avaarit, jotka ilmestyivät Euroopan historiaan samoihin aikoihin kuin Rouranin kaanikunta hajosi.[3]

Rouraneiden uskotaan olleen sukulaiskansaa Pohjoisen Wei-dynastian perustaneen Tuoba-heimon kanssa, mutta Wei ja Rouran ajautuivat sotiin keskenään jo 300-luvun lopulla. Rouranit olivat historian ensimmäinen kansa, joka käytti hallitsijastaan nimitystä kaani eli khan.[1] Heidän liittolaisiaan ja alaisiaan olivat hefthaliitit eli valkoiset hunnit.[3]

Maantieteellisesti Rouranin kaanikunta ulottui 500-luvulla Mantšurian rajalta Balkašjärvelle ja Orhonilta Kiinan muurille.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Grousset, René: The Empire of the Steppes, s. 60–64, 80–82. (Englanninkielinen käännös: Naomi Walford) Rutgers University Press, 1970. ISBN 0-76070-127-X
  2. ↑ Findley, Carter Vaughn: The Turks in World History, s. 41. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-516770-8
  3. ↑ a b The New Encyclopædia Britannica, s. 633. (Volume 6, Micropædia, 15th Edition) Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2002. ISBN 0-85229-787-4

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