Refluksitauti

Refluksitauti
Luokitus
ICD-10 K21
ICD-9 530.81
OMIM 109350
MedlinePlus 000265
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Ruokatorven refluksitauti on sairaus, jossa mahalaukun hapan sisältö virtaa väärään suuntaan eli ruokatorveen ja aiheuttaa närästysoireen ja joskus myös ruokatorven tulehduksen eli esofagiitin. Refluksitauti on krooninen sairaus, joka huonontaa siitä kärsivän elämänlaatua.

Lapsilla refluksitaudin oireet voivat poiketa aikuisten oireista, ja heidän sairautensa saattaa olla vaikeampi tunnistaa.

Barrettin ruokatorvi kehittyy 6–14 %:lle refluksitautia sairastavista henkilöistä. Barrettin ruokatorvesta jo kärsivien potilaiden elinikäinen sairastumisvaara syöpään on suunnilleen 0,5 %/vuosi.[1][2]

Hoito

Närästyksen voi poistaa välittömästi nauttimalla vatsan happamuuden neutraloivaa ainetta, esimerkiksi kalsiumin ja magnesiumin karbonaattisuoloja sisältävää lääkettä. Pidempiaikaisia vaikutuksia saa lääkkeillä, jotka hillitsevät mahalaukun parietaalisolujen haponmuodostusta, kuten ranitidiinilla.

Refluksitautia epäiltäessä voidaan tehdä gastroskopia eli mahalaukuntähystys. Siinä nähdään ruokatorven, mahalaukun ja ohutsuolen alkuosan limakalvojen tila. Refluksitaudin hoidossa voidaan vaikeassa tapauksessa käyttää leikkausta.

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