Pyhä kaupunki

Pyhä kaupunki on jollekin uskonnolle symbolisesti tärkeä kaupunki, joka liittyy usein kiinteästi kyseisen uskonnon historiaan. Pyhä kaupunki on tyypillisesti tärkeä pyhiinvaelluskohde, mikä tuo kaupungille vaurautta ja vahvistaa kaupungin uskonnollisen eliitin poliittista asemaa suhteessa valtion muihin valtakeskuksiin. Pyhä kaupunki on usein myös uskonnollinen hallintokaupunki ja uskonnon opillinen keskus. Kaupungin symbolinen merkitys tekee pyhästä kaupungista paljon tärkeämmän kuin sen pelkkä strateginen merkitys olisi. Tämä tekee kaupunkiin kytkeytyvistä poliittisista kiistoista erityisen vaikeita, mistä tunnettu esimerkki on Jerusalem.[1]

Jerusalem on pyhä kaupunki niin juutalaisuudelle, kristinuskolle kuin islamillekin.[1] Juutalaisuuden muut pyhät kaupungit ovat Hebron, Safed ja Tiberias.[2] Rooma on katolilaisten pyhä kaupunki. Mekka ja Medina ovat tärkeimmät kaikille islamin suuntauksille pyhät kaupungit. Šiialaisuuden tärkeimmät pyhät kaupungit ovat Najaf, Karbala, Kazimijja ja Samarra.[1] Hindulaisuuden seitsemän muinaista pyhää kaupunkia ovat Ayodhya, Mathura, Haridwar, Varanasi, Kanchipuram, Dvaraka ja Ujjain.[3] Cusco oli Inkavaltakunnan pyhä kaupunki.[4]

Esimerkkejä

Lähteet

  1. a b c Juusola, Hannu (toimittaneet Maristo, Joonas & Sergejeff, Andrei): Aikamme monta islamia, s. 123–124. Gaudeamus, 2015. ISBN 978-952-495-371-9
  2. Yehuda Shurpin: Four Holy Cities of Israel: What and Why? Chabad.org. Viitattu 7.4.2018.
  3. Holy Places Heart of Hinduism. Viitattu 7.4.2018.
  4. Cuzco, Peru Organization of World Heritage Cities. Viitattu 7.4.2018.
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