Pätsi

Katalonialainen ahjo

Pätsi eli katalonialainen ahjo on keskiaikainen raudanvalmistusuuni. Nimensä mukaisesti katalonialainen ahjo keksittiin 700-luvulla Kataloniassa, Espanjassa. Suomen sana pätsi puolestaan on lainattu venäjästä (petš) ja se tarkoittaa uunia. Luostarilaitoksen ja katolisen kirkon sisäisen tiedonkulun ansiosta pätsit levisivät nopeasti syntysijoiltaan Kataloniasta ympäri Eurooppaa ja karolingisella ajalla syrjäyttivät varhaisemmat harkkohytit.

Pätsi on kivestä tai tulenkestävistä tiilistä rakennettu kuilu-uuni, jonne ladotaan puuhiiltä ja rautamalmia vuoron perään kerroksittain. Harkkohyteissä käytettävän luonnollisen vedon sijaan pätsiin lietsotaan palkeilla ilmaa. Näin veto paranee, ja pätsillä kyetään saavuttamaan korkeampia lämpötiloja ja parempi raudansaanto kuin harkkohytillä. Pätsillä päästään noin 75 % raudan saantoon, kun harkkohytillä jäädään vain noin 25 % tietämille, ja sillä voidaan saavuttaa yli 1200 °C:n lämpötiloja. Varsinkin sisterssiläismunkit, joiden tiedetään olleen taitavia metallurgeja, kehittivät pätsiä eteenpäin: käyttämällä lihasvoiman sijaan lietsomiseen vesiratasta pätsissä on mahdollista saavuttaa lämpötiloja, jotka riittävät raudan sulattamiseen. On mahdollista, että sisterssiläismunkit olisivat valmistaneet valurautaa jo varhaisessa vaiheessa. Ensimmäiset pätsit rakennettiin Suomeen ristiretkiajan loppuvaiheessa.

Pätsistä on enää lyhyt askel varsinaiseen masuuniin, josta rauta saadaan sulana takkirautana ulos. Ensimmäinen varsinainen masuuni on ajoitettu Ruotsin Lapphyttaniin 1100-luvulle.

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