Päällysvesi

Kerrostunut vesi jakautuu harppauskerroksen (metalimnion) yläpuoliseen päällysveteen (epilimnion) ja alapuoliseen alusveteen (hypolimnion).
Kuva näyttää kerrostuneisuuden ja veden pystysuuntaisen sekoittumisen dimiktisessä järvessä. Dimiktinen järvi sekoittuu kahdesti vuoden aikana.

Päällysvesi on jonkin vesialtaan harppauskerroksen yläpuolella olevaa vettä. Harppauskerros erottaa päällysveden alusvedestä.[1][2]

Epilimnion tarkoittaa järven pintakerrosta lämpötilakerrostuneisessa järvessä. Kerros on sekoittunut tasaisesti. Epilimnion on termokliinin yläpuolella ja kerros eroaa alempana olevasta metamolimnionista tiheyden perusteella.[3][2]

Lämpötila epilimnionissa on korkein kesällä ja kylmin talvella. Nämä lämpötilaerot erottavat epilimnionin muusta vesipatsaasta. Kerros on tärkeä fysikaalisille ja ekologisille prosesseille.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Lahti, Kimmo & Rönkä, Antti: Biologia: Ympäristöekologia. Helsinki: WSOY oppimateriaalit, 2006. ISBN 951-0-29702-X
  2. ↑ a b Water on the Web: Density Stratification waterontheweb.org. October 07, 2015. Viitattu 18.12.2024.
  3. ↑ Lahti, Kimmo & Rönkä, Antti: Biologia: Ympäristöekologia. Helsinki: WSOY oppimateriaalit, 2006. ISBN 951-0-29702-X
  4. ↑ Wilson HL, Ayala AI, Jones ID, Rolston A, Pierson D, de Eyto E, Grossart HP, Perga ME, Woolway RI, Jennings E. 2020. Variability in epilimnion depth estimations in lakes. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 24:5559-5577
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