Oxfordin evoluutioväittely

Oxfordin luonnonhistoriallinen museo, jossa väittely käytiin vuonna 1860.

Oxfordin evoluutioväittely oli Oxfordin yliopiston luonnonhistoriallisessa museossa lauantaina 30. kesäkuuta 1860 käyty kuuluisa evoluutioteoriaa koskeva väittely. Väittely puhkesi kesken British Association for the Advancement of Science -järjestön kokouksen. Väittelyyn ottivat osaa muiden muassa Thomas Huxley, piispa Samuel Wilberforce, Benjamin Brodie, Joseph Dalton Hooker ja Robert FitzRoy. Keskeisimmät väittelijät olivat evoluutioteoriaa puolustanut Huxley ja luomisopin kannalla ollut Wilberforce. Väittely tunnetaankin myös nimillä Huxleyn–Wilberforcen väittely tai Wilberforcen–Huxleyn väittely. Charles Darwin ei ottanut osaa väittelyyn, vaikka hänen ajatuksensa olivatkin sen alkusyy.

Koko väittely muistetaan parhaiten Huxleyn ja Wilberforcen käymästä kahdenkeskisestä sanaharkasta. Wilberforce aloitti puheenvuorollaan: ”Katsooko herra Huxley olevansa enemmän isoisän vai isoäidin puolelta sukua apinalle?” Tarinan mukaan Huxley kuiskasi vierellään istuvalle: ”Herra on johdattanut hänet käsiini”,lähde? ja vastasi Wilberforcelle, että hän on ”mieluummin sukua apinalle, kuin sivistyneelle miehelle, joka käyttää kulttuurilliset ja kaunopuheiset lahjansa valheen palvelemiseen”.

Väittelyssä käydyistä puheenvuoroista ei ole olemassa sanatarkkaa tietoa, joten Huxleyn ja Wilberforcen todellisia puheenvuoroja ei voida tietää.

Kirjallisuutta

  • Hesketh, Ian: Of Apes and Ancestors: Evolution, Christianity, and the Oxford Debate. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8020-9284-7
  • Livingstone, David N.: ”Myytti 17: Huxley kukisti Wilberforcen evoluutiota ja uskontoa koskevassa väittelyssä”, Galileo tyrmässä ja muita myyttejä tieteestä ja uskonnosta, s. 148–156. (Toimittanut Ronald L. Numbers. Suomentanut Kirsi Nisula) Helsinki: Kirjapaja, 2015. ISBN 978-952-288-205-9
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