Ottolainen arkkitehtuuri

St. Pantaleonin luostarikirkon länsikkö, Köln, noin 980.
Hildesheimin Mikaelinkirkon sisäkuva, noin 1001-1031.

Ottolainen arkkitehtuuri on saksilaisten Otto-keisareiden aikana (962–1002) vallinnut arkkitehtuurin tyylisuunta, jonka keskusaluetta oli läntinen Saksa. Ottolainen tyyli oli karolingisen ja romaanisen tyylin välinen siirtymävaihe.[1]

Ottolaiseen arkkitehtuuriin kuuluvat olennaisena osana vaikuttavat länsiköt niiden karolingisen alkuperän takia. Esimerkiksi Otto I:n nuorimman veljen arkkipiispa Brunon vuonna 980 Kölniin rakennuttama St. Pantaleonin luostarikirkko[2] sekä piispa Bernwardin suunnittelema Hildesheimin Mikaelinkirkko[3] noudattavat pohjakaavaltaan tätä perinnettä. Näiden ottolaisten kirkkojen pohjakaavoissa yhtä suuriin matemaattisiin neliöihin pohjautuva järjestelmä yhdistää rakennuksen eri osia: esimerkiksi keskilaiva muodostuu kolmesta neliöstä, joiden kulmissa on pilarit ja välissä pylväät, joita yhdistävät arkadikaaret, kun taas varhaiskristillisessä taiteessa keskilaivaa reunustivat monotoniset pylväsrivistöt.[3]

Mikaelinkirkko on monissa kohdin koristeltu korkeilla reliefeillä. Muun muassa yhtä pylväistä kiertää spiraalina reliefinauha, jossa on kuvia Kristuksen elämästä ja jonka tekijää ovat ilmeisesti innoittaneet Roomassa sijaitsevat Trajanuksen ja Marcus Aureliuksen pylväät. Myös pronssisissa ovissa on reliefejä, joissa on kohtauksia Vanhasta ja Uudesta testamentista. Ottolaisena aikana tällaiset aiheet oli esitetty hyvin ihmisläheisesti ja dramaattisesti, eikä alastomien vartaloiden kuvaus ole enää yhteydessä klassisen tradition herooisuuteen vaan pyrkii kömpelyydellään ennemminkin korostamaan hengen haurautta.[3]

Lähteet

  • Honour, Hugh & Fleming, John: ”Euroopan keskiaika”, Maailman taiteen historia. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava, 1992. ISBN 951-1-16753-7

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Arkkitehtuurin sanakirja, s. 174–175. WSOY, 2000. ISBN 951-0-24579-8
  2. ↑ Honour & Fleming, s. 367
  3. ↑ a b c Honour & Fleming, s. 368

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