Oregonin sopimus

Oregonin sopimukseen liittyvän alueen kartta.

Oregonin sopimus (engl. The Oregon Treaty) oli Yhdysvaltojen ja Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan allekirjoittama sopimus, jossa päästiin yksimielisyyteen Oregonin aluetta koskeneista rajariidoista. Molemmat maat olivat pitäneet hallussa aluetta vuoden 1818 sopimuksen jälkeen. Sopimus allekirjoitettiin 15. kesäkuuta 1846 Washingtonissa. Oregonin sopimuksessa sovitut rajat ovat pääpiirteittäin samat kuin nykyiset Yhdysvaltojen ja Kanadan rajat.[1]

Sopimuksen neuvottelivat Yhdysvaltain valtiosihteeri James Buchanan, josta tuli myöhemmin presidentti, ja Yhdistyneen kuningaskuntien lähettiläs Richard Pakenham.[1]

Sopimuksen mukaan Yhdysvaltojen ja Brittiläisen Pohjois-Amerikan rajaksi tuli 49. leveyspiiri Kalliovuorilta Juan de Fucan salmeen Tyynellemerelle. Pokkeuksena oli Vancouverinsaari, joka jäi kokonaisuudessaan osaksi Brittiläistä Pohjois-Amerikkaa. Saari ja sen rannikon saaret laillistettiin perustuslailla Vancouver Islandin siirtokunnaksi 1849. Alueen Yhdysvaltojen osasta muodostettiin 14. elokuuta 1848 Oregonin territorio, josta taas muodostettiin Washingtonin territorio 1853. Brittien osa säilyi järjestäytymättömänä vuoteen 1858, jolloin Fraser Canyonin kultaryntäyksen seurauksena alue julistettiin Brittiläisen Kolumbian siirtokunnaksi pyrkimyksenä turvata alue mahdolliselta yhdysvaltalaisten uudelleenasuttamiselta. Vancouver Islandin siirtokunta yhdistettiin 1866 Brittiläisen Kolumbian siirtokuntaan, joka liittyi Kanadan dominioon vuonna 1871. Tällöin Oregonin sopimuksessa sovitut rajat ja merialueet jäivät Yhdysvaltojen ja Brittiläisen Pohjois-Amerikan väliseksi rajaksi.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Glass, Andrew: U.S., Great Britain sign Oregon Treaty, June 15, 1846 Politico. 15.6.2012. Viitattu 3.7.2017. (englanniksi)
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