Oratorio

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Oratorio (ital. rukoushuone) on musiikkiteos orkesterille, kuorolle ja laulusolisteille. [1] Se poikkeaa oopperasta siten, että siitä puuttuu näyttämötoiminta ja lavasteet ja että sen libretto käsittelee tavallisesti raamatullisia tai muita uskonnollisia aiheita – joskus myös antiikin tarustoa.

Oratorio syntyi rinnan oopperan kanssa, ja sen tyyli on yleensä ollut hyvin lähellä saman ajan oopperatyyliä. Oopperassa keskeinen narratiivinen ja dramaattinen tapahtumien kulku saattaa kuitenkin oratoriosta puuttua kokonaan [2]. Keskeinen musiikillinen ero on kuoro-osuuksien selvästi vahvempi osuus oratorioissa. Barokin aikana samat säveltäjät sävelsivät usein molempia teoslajeja siten, että uskonnollisiin aiheisiin keskittyneitä oratorioita esitettiin paastonaikana, jolloin ei ollut sopivaa esittää maallisia aiheita käsitteleviä viihteellisiä oopperoita. Oratorioita sävellettiin eniten 1600-luvun loppupuolella ja 1700-luvulla.

Passiot, joissa kuvataan Kristuksen kärsimysnäytelmää, ovat yksi oratorion alalaji. Pienimuotoisia passioita voidaan tosin pitää ennemminkin kantaatteina.

Oratoriossa on:

  • Alkusoitto
  • Aarioita vokalistien esittämänä (yksi tai useampia samaan aikaan)
  • Resitatiiveja
  • Kuoro-osuuksia (omina kappaleinaan sekä myös välillä aarioiden yhteydessä), usein mahtipontisia.

Tunnetuimpiakenen mukaan? oratorioita ovat Georg Friedrich Händelin Messias,[1] Johann Sebastian Bachin jouluoratorio, Joseph Haydnin Luominen ja Vuodenajat sekä Felix Mendelssohnin Elias.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Oratorio Sanasto. Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon nettisivut. Arkistoitu 22.7.2023. Viitattu 22.7.2023.
  2. ↑ Tuppurainen, Erkki: Oratorio kirkkomusiikin muotona muhi.uniarts.fi. 8.1.2007. Musiikin historiaa. Viitattu 22.7.2023.

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