Oikeushyvä

Oikeushyvä on oikeusjärjestyksen suojelema etu, jollaisia tunnustetaan jollakulla olevan ja joita valtio tarvittaessa suojelee säätämällä siihen kohdistuvat loukkaukset rangaistaviksi ja ääritapauksissa väkivaltaakin käyttäen. Oikeushyvän synonyymejä ovat oikeushyödyke, oikeudellisesti suojeltu etu, intressi ja suojeluobjekti. Oikeushyvä on esimerkiksi henki, omaisuus ja ruumiillinen koskemattomuus.[1] Oikeushyviin kuuluvien asioiden kirjo on laaja ja moninainen, aivan kuten oikeuksienkin piiri.[2]

Oikeushyvät jaetaan kahteen luokkaan. Henkilöllisiä oikeushyviä, joita oikeushyvän käsitteellä on perinteisemmin tarkoitettu, ovat esimerkiksi henki, terveys, seksuaalinen koskemattomuus, kotirauha, yksityisyys, henkilökohtainen vapaus, kunnia ja omaisuus. Yhteisölliset oikeushyvät liittyvät esimerkiksi ihmisyyteen, oikeudenkäyttöön, valtion turvallisuuteen ja viranhoidon puolueettomuuteen. Sellaisina voidaan mainita esimerkiksi yleinen järjestys, markkinoiden häiriötön toiminta, ympäristö ja turvallisuus.[3][4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Otavan iso tietosanakirja, Otava 1963
  2. ↑ Iso tietosanakirja, Otava 1935
  3. ↑ Encyclopædia iuridica fennica, Suomalainen lakimiesyhdistys 1995, ISBN 951-855-135-9, osa IV palsta 205
  4. ↑ Sakari Melander: Rikosoikeus 2010-luvulla, s. 21-22. Helsinki: FORUM IURIS, 2010. ISBN 978-952-10-5542-3

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