Nelipäinen reisilihas

Kuvassa suora reisilihas (m. rectus femoris) poistettu jotta keskimmäinen reisilihas näkyy.

Nelipäinen reisilihas eli etureisi (lat. musculus quadriceps femoris) kuuluu alaraajan lihaksiin. Sen vastalihas on kaksipäinen reisilihas. Nelipäinen reisilihas muodostuu nimensä mukaisesti neljästä jänteellä yhteenliittyneestä lihaksesta: suora reisilihas (m. rectus femoris), sisempi reisilihas (m. vastus medialis), keskimmäinen reisilihas (m. vastus intermedius) ja ulompi reisilihas (m. vastus lateralis). Keskimmäinen reisilihas sijaitsee suoran reisilihaksen alla, mutta muut lihaksista ovat pinnallisia. Polven ja keskimmäisen reisilihaksen väliin sijoittuva pieni lihas m. articularis genus on usein osa keskimmäistä reisilihasta [1].

Origo ja insertio

Suora reisilihas lähtee lonkkaluusta lonkkamaljan kraniaalisesta reunasta. Muut lihaksista lähtevät reisiluusta. Kaikki neljä lihasta kiinnittyvät yhteisellä jänteellä (tendo m. quadricipitis femoris) polvilumpioon, josta jänne jatkuu polvilumpion ligamenttina (ligamentum patellae) sääriluun kyhmyyn (tuberositas tibiae). Jänne ympäröi ja tukee polvilumpiota sivuilta ja päältä.

Toiminta

Nelipäinen reisilihas ojentaa polviniveltä. Suora reisilihas (m. rectus femoris) koukistaa lisäksi lonkkaniveltä.

Sisempää reisilihasta (m. vastus medialis) pidetään yleensä polvinivelen stabilaattorina, eli tukilihaksena.

Hermotus

Nelipäistä reisilihasta hermottaa reisihermo (nervus femoralis).

Lihaksen harjoittaminen

Kuntosalilla nelipäistä reisilihasta harjoittavat esimerkiksi jalkakyykky, jalkaprässi ja reidenojennus.

Kuntouttavia liikkeitä vastus medialikselle on mm. suoran jalan nostot jalkaterä lievästi ulos kierrettynä, joskus käytetään painoja nilkoissa siinä vaiheessa kun polvinivelen stabiliteetti ja normaali resiprokaalitoiminto (hermoaistimus alaraajan toiminnasta) on jo saavutettu.

Muita kuvia

  • Diagrammi polvesta
    Diagrammi polvesta
  • Polvi.
    Polvi.
  • Läpileikkauskuva reidestä.
    Läpileikkauskuva reidestä.
  • Oikean jalan lihaksia.
    Oikean jalan lihaksia.
  • Oikean jalan reisi.
    Oikean jalan reisi.
  • Oikean jalan sääri.
    Oikean jalan sääri.
  • Jalkalihasharjoituksia.
    Jalkalihasharjoituksia.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Drake, R. & Vogl, A. & Mitchell, A.: Gray's Anatomy for Students, 2nd ed. s. 562. Elsevier, 2010.

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