Muistinhallintayksikkö

Muistinhallintayksikkö (engl. Memory Management Unit, MMU) on tietokoneen yksikkö, jonka tehtävänä on muuttaa virtuaaliosoitteet fyysisen muistin osoitteiksi.[1]

Monet mikroprosessorit sisältävät yksikön integroituna, mutta on myös valmistettu ulkoisia mikropiirejä kuten Motorola 68851 ja National Semiconductor NS32082.

Virtuaaliosoitteen lisäksi yksiköllä toteutetaan mm. muistin suojaus, väylän ja välimuistin hallinta.

MMU voi antaa laitteistokeskeytyksen sovelluksen viitatessa muistialueeseen, johon sillä ei ole pääsyä tai joka ei ole sillä hetkellä fyysisessä muistissa. Näin käyttöjärjestelmä voi toteuttaa virtuaali- eli näennäismuistin.

Uudempaa suuntausta on IOMMU, jossa käsittely laajennetaan koskemaan oheislaitteita.

Käsitteitä:

  • Page table entry (PTE) sisältää yksittäiseen muistisivuun liittyviä tietoja (sijainti, onko se keskusmuistissa, suojaukset).
  • Sivutaulu (engl. page table) koostuu prosessin PTE:istä.
  • Translation lookaside buffer (TLB) on MMU:n sisäinen assosiatiivinen muisti virtuaaliosoitteista fyysiseen muistiin. TLB voi olla monitasoinen.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Silberschatz & Galvin & Gagne: Operating System Concepts, s. 319–320. (Eighth edition) Wiley, 2009. ISBN 978-0-470-12872-5 (englanniksi)

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