Melqart

Melqart tai Milk-quart ("kaupungin kuningas") oli foinikialaisen Tyroksen pää- ja suojelusjumala, jota palvottiin myös Karthagossa. Melqart yhdistetään mereen ja purjehdukseen, ja hänet kuvataan kolikoissa ratsastamassa merihevosella. Myöhemmin häntä pidettiin myös auringonjumalana, ja hänet rinnastettiin myös Heraklekseen.[1]

Nimellä Malku Melqart samaistettiin babylonialaiseen Nergaliin, kuoleman ja alamaailman jumalaan. Melqart kuvattiin yleensä parrakkaana hahmona, jolla oli korkea ja pyöreä päähine sekä lannevaate. Hän kantoi egyptiläistä elämän symbolia ankhia ja rei'itettyä kirvestä, kuoleman symbolia. Herodotoksen kuvauksen mukaan Melqartin – Herodotos kutsuu jumalaa kreikkalaisittain Heraklekseksi – Tyroksen pyhäkössä pidettiin vuosittain talvi- ja kevätjuhlat, ja pyhäkön uskotaan olleen Jerusalemin Salomon temppelin esikuva.[2]

Lähteet

  • Lurker, Manfred: A Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987. ISBN 0-203-67189-9

Viitteet

  1. ↑ Lurker 1987, s. 123
  2. ↑ Melqart Britannica Academic, Encyclopædia Britannica. Viitattu 28.9.2017. (englanniksi)

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