Liukoisuustulo

Liukoisuustulo kuvaa niukkaliukoisen ioniyhdisteen pitoisuutta sen kylläisessä liuoksessa. Se on riippuvainen aineen lämpötilasta, liuottimesta ja liuotettavasta aineesta.

Kun liukoinen kiinteä suola on kosketuksessa kylläisen liuoksensa kanssa, vallitsee liuoksessa olevien ionien ja liukenemattoman suolan välillä dynaaminen tasapaino. Tämä tarkoittaa, että samanaikaisesti liuoksessa olevat ionit sitoutuvat yhteen muodostaen kiinteää suolaa, mutta samalla suolaa liukenee hajoten ioneiksi. Dynaamisessa tasapainotilassa eri suuntiin, lähtöaineista tuotteisiin ja tuotteista lähtöaineisiin, kulkevat reaktiot tapahtuvat samalla nopeudella, jolloin reaktiossa olevien lähtöaineiden ja tuotteiden konsentraatiot eivät muutu pitkänkään ajan kuluessa.

Jos ioniyhdisteen eli suolan kemiallinen kaava voidaan esittää muodossa MpXq, missä p ja q ovat kokonaislukuja, se hajoaa liuetessaan Mq+- ja Xp- -ioneiksi. Sen liukoisuustulo on tällöin

Ks = [Mq+]p [Xp-]q

missä [Mq+] ja [Xp-] ovat ionien Mq+ ja Xp- konsentraatiot kylläisessä liuoksessa. Toisin sanoen liukoisuustulo on liukenemisreaktion tasapainovakio.[1]

Liukoisuustulo riippuu vahvasti myös liuoksessa ennestään olevien ionien konsentraatiosta. Tämän vuoksi liukoisuustulo on käyttökelpoinen mitta vain niukkaliukoisille yhdisteille ja niillekin vain, jos liuoksessa ei ole muiden aineiden ioneja.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Antti Kivinen & Osmo Mäkitie: Kemia, s. 229–231. Otava, 1988. ISBN 951-1-10136-6

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