Ksii (baryoni)

Hiukkasfysiikassa ksii (Ξ) on yhteisnimitys sellaisille baryoneille, joissa on yksi ylös- (u) tai alas-kvarkki (d) sekä kaksi raskaampaa kvarkkia. Ellei toisin mainita, tarkoitetaan ksii-hiukkasella yleensä sellaisia baryoneja, joissa on kaksi outoa kvarkkia (s).

Ksii-baryonin spin voi olla joko 3/2 tai 1/2 riippuen siitä, ovatko kaikkien siinä olevien kvarkkien spinit samansuuntaiset vai onko niistä yhden spin vastakkaissuuntainen kuin molempien muiden.

Ksii-hiukkasten merkintänä käytetään kreikkalaista ksii-kirjainta, jonka jälkeen merkitään yläkulmaan sen varaus. Jos siinä esiintyy muita kuin ylös-, alas- tai outous-kvarkkeja, merkitään lisäksi alakulmaan muiden kvarkkien symbolit. Niinpä esimerkiksi Ξ-b sisältää yhden ylös-, yhden alas- ja yhden pohja-kvarkin (b). Jos hiukkasen spin on 3/2, lisätään merkintään asteriski, esimerkiksi Ξ-*b.

Kaikki ksii-hiukkaset ovat epävakaita. Ne ksii-hiukkaset, joiden spin on 3/2, ovat vahvalla vuorovaikutuksella erittäin nopeasti hajoavia resonanssihiukkasia.

Ensimmäiset ksii-hiukkaset löydettiin Brookhaven National Laboratoryssä vuonna 1964[1]

Ksii-baryonit[2][3][4][5]
Hiukkanen Symboli Kvarkkikokoonpano Lepomassa
MeV/c²
Isospin
I
Spin(Pariteetti)
JP
Q S lumo-kvarkkien (c) lukumäärä pohja-kvarkkien (b) lukumäärä Keskimääräinen elinikä
s
Hajoamistapa
Ksii Ξ0 uss 1 314.86 ± 0.20 1/2 1/2+* 0 −2 0 0 (2,90 ± 0,99) · 10-10 Λ + π0
Ksii Ξ- dss 1321.31 ± 0.13 1/2 1/2+* −1 −2 0 0 ( 1,639 ± 0,015) · 10-10 Λ + π0
Ksii-resonanssi uss 1 531.80(32) 1/2 3/2+ 0 −2 0 0 Ξ0 + π0
Ksii-resonanssi Ξ-* {1530) dss 1 535.0(6) 1/2 3/2+ −1 −2 0 0 Ξ+ + π0
Lumo-ksii Ξc+ usc 2 467.9 ± 0.4 1/2 1/2* +* +1 −1 +1 0 (4,42 ± 0,26) · 10-13
Lumo-ksii Ξc+ dsc 2 471.0 ± 0.4 1/2 1/2* +* 0 −1 +1 0 (1,12 ± 0,13) · 10-13
Lumo-ksii-resonanssi Ξc+* usc 2 575.7±3.1 1/2 1/2+ +1 −1 +1 0 Ξc+ + γ
Lumo-ksii-resonanssi Ξc0* dsc 2 578.0±2.9 1/2 1/2+ 0 −1 +1 0 1,1 · 10-13 Ξc0 + γ
Kaksoislumo-ksii Ξcc2+ ucc 1/2* 1/2* +* +2 0 +2 0
kaksoislumo-ksii Ξcc+ dcc 3 518.9 ± 0.9[c] 1/2* 1/2* +* +1 0 +2 0 3,3 · 10-14 [a] Λc+ + K- + π+ tai
p+ + D+ + K-
Pohja-ksii Ξb0 usb 5 792 ± 3 1/2* 1/2* +* 0 −1 0 −1 (1,42 ± 0,28) · 10-12 [b]
Pohja-ksii (Cascade B)[6][7] Ξb- dsb 5 792.9 ± 3.0 1/2* 1/2* +* −1 −1 0 −1 1,42 · 10-12
Kaksoispohja-ksii Ξb0 ubb 1/2* 1/2* +* 0 0 0 −2
Kaksoispohja-ksii Ξbb- dbb 1/2* 1/2* +* −1 0 0 −2
Lumo-pohja-ksii Ξbc+ ucb 1/2* 1/2* + +1 0 +1 −1
Lumo-pohja-ksii Ξc+0 dcb 1/2* 1/2* +* 0 0 +1 −1

[a] Epävarma [b] b-baryonin mitattu keskimääräinen elinikä sen hajotessa kahdeksi samanmerkkisesti varautuneeksi hiukkaseksi † Hiukkasta ei ole havaittu eikä sen kvanttilukuja kuten spiniä ole todennettu

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. The Xi Baryon
  2. V. Abazov: Direct observation of the stange b baryon Xib-, cite arxiv, eprint=0706.1690v2, D0 Collaboration 2007
  3. Fermilab physicists discover "triple-scoop" baryon Fermilab. Viitattu 14.6.2007.
  4. Back-to-Back b Baryons in Batavia Fermilab. Viitattu 25.6.2007.
  5. T. Aaltonen: Observation and mass measurement of the baryon Xi(b)-, eprint 0707.0589, CDF Collaboration, 2007
  6. V. M. Abazov et al.: Direct observation of the strange b baryon Xi(b)-. Physical Review Letters, 2007, 99. vsk, s. 052001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052001 Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 25.4.2008. [vanhentunut linkki]
  7. T. Aaltonen et al.: Observation and mass measurement of the baryon Xi(b)-. Physical Review Letters, 2007, 99. vsk, s. 052002. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.052002 Artikkelin verkkoversio. Viitattu 25.4.2008. [vanhentunut linkki]

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