Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset

Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset
Kolmivarvaslaiskiainen (Bradypus tridactylus)
Kolmivarvaslaiskiainen (Bradypus tridactylus)
Tieteellinen luokittelu
Domeeni: Aitotumaiset Eucarya
Kunta: Eläinkunta Animalia
Pääjakso: Selkäjänteiset Chordata
Alajakso: Selkärankaiset Vertebrata
Luokka: Nisäkkäät Mammalia
Lahko: Pilosa[1]
Alalahko: Folivora [1]
Heimo: Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset
Bradypodidae
Gray, 1821
Suku: Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset
Bradypus
Linnaeus, 1758
Katso myös

  Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset Wikispeciesissä
  Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset Commonsissa

Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset (heimo Bradypodidae ja sen ainoa suku Bradypus) kuuluvat nisäkkäiden luokan Pilosa-lahkoon.[1] Kaksivarvaslaiskiaisten (Megalonychidae) ohella ne muodostavat toisen kahdesta laiskiaisheimosta. Kolmivarvaslaiskiaisten levinneisyysalue ulottuu Keski-Amerikan Hondurasista Etelä-Amerikkaan.

Kolmivarvaslaiskiaisten ruumiinpituus on 40−70 cm ja paino kolmesta viiteen kilogrammaa, joten ne ovat hieman pienempiä kuin kaksivarpaiset sukulaisensa. Kolmivarvaslaiskiaisten raajat ovat pitkät ja voimakkaat. Eturaajat ovat huomattavasti takaraajoja pitemmät. Molemmissa jaloissa on kolme varvasta ja eturaajoissa kolme sormea, kun kaksivarvaslaiskiaisilla puolestaan on kolme varvasta ja kaksi sormea. Kynnet ovat pitkät ja koukkumaiset. Kolmivarvaslaiskiaisilla on lyhyt, kahdesta yhdeksään senttimetriä pitkä häntä, kun kaksivarvaslaiskiaiset taasen ovat hännättömiä. Kaulanikamia kolmivarvaslaiskiaisilla on yhdeksän, kun niitä nisäkkäillä yleensä on seitsemän (kaksivarvaslaiskiaisilla on kuusi tai seitsemän). Tämä mahdollistaa laajan pään kääntösäteen: 270 astetta. Näin kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset saavat ulottuvilleen enemmän ravintoa ilman että niiden täytyy liikuttaa raajojaan.

Kolmivarvaslaiskiaiset jaetaan neljään lajiin:[2]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder: Bradypodidae Mammal Species of the World. 2005. Bucknell University. Viitattu 11.10.2010. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder: Bradypus Mammal Species of the World. 2005. Bucknell University. Viitattu 11.10.2010. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Kääpiökokoinen kolmivarvaslaiskiainen vuosikymmenen erikoisin uusi laji YLE. 13.12.2010. Viitattu 13.12.2010.

Kirjallisuutta

  • Grzimek, Bernhard: Grzimeks Tierleben. Enzyklopädie des Tierreichs. Bechtermünz-Verlag, Augsburg 2001. ISBN 3-82-891603-1
  • Montgomery, Gene: The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths and Vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington DC 1985. ISBN 0-87-474649-3
  • Nowak, Ronald: Walker’s Mammals of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999. ISBN 0-80-185789-9

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