Ketšuat

Ketšuat
Väkiluku 13–16 miljoonaa
Merkittävät asuinalueet
 Peru5 176 809[1]
 Ecuador2 568 000[2]
 Bolivia1 837 105[3]
 Argentiina55 493[4]
 Chile33 868[5]
Kielet ketšua, espanja
Uskonnot roomalaiskatolilaisuus, protestantismi, perinteinen uskonto
Sukulaiskansat aimarat

Ketšuat ovat alkuperäiskansa Etelä-Amerikassa Andien ylängöllä Ecuadorista Boliviaan ulottuvalla alueella. Heidän puhumansa ketšuan kieli monine alueellisine murteineen oli aikoinaan Inkavaltakunnan pääkieli.[6]

Ketšuat ovat muodostaneet tärkeän osan Andien väestöstä 1400-luvun alkupuolelta lähtien. Heidän yhteiskuntansa muuttui rajusti, kun espanjalaiset valloittivat Inkavaltakunnan 1500-luvulla.[6] Valloituksen jälkeen ketšuat ovat olleet jatkuvasti poliittisten konfliktien ja etnisen vainon uhreina. 1980-luvulla käydyssä Perun sisällissodassa pääosa kuolonuhreista oli ketšuoita, vaikka taistelijat olivat lähinnä valkoisia ja mestitsejä. Myös Alberto Fujimorin aikana noudatettu pakkosterilointipolitiikka vaikutti lähes yksinomaan ketšua- ja aimaranaisiin.[7]

Ketšuoiden uskonto on yhdistelmä roomalaiskatolisuutta ja alkuperäisuskontoa. He harjoittavat perinteistä käsityötä, kehräävät villaa ja kutovat kankaita sekä kotikäyttöön että myyntiin. Koska ketšuan puhujien ja ketšualaisen kulttuuriperinnön välillä ei ole selkeää eroa, arviot heidän määrästään vaihtelevat noin 13 miljoonasta noin 16 miljoonaan.[6]

Monissa ketšua-perheissä lapsia kasvatetaan yksinomaan espanjaksi, koska sillä katsotaan olevan parempi status huolimatta siitä, että ketšuoiden alkuperäiskieliä on pyritty elvyttämään aktiivisesti.[8]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico inei.gob.pe.
  2. ↑ 2001 INEC census
  3. ↑ Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012 Bolivia Características de la Población inecloud.ine.gob.bo. Arkistoitu 1.8.2021. Viitattu 30.4.2021.
  4. ↑ Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010 Censo del Bicentenario Resultados definitivos Serie B Nº 2. Tomo 1 indec.gob.ar.
  5. ↑ Síntesis de Resultados Censo 2017 censo2017.cl. Arkistoitu 12.11.2020. Viitattu 30.4.2021.
  6. ↑ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica: Quechua Encyclopædia Britannica. Viitattu 1.5.2021. (englanniksi)
  7. ↑ QUECHUA PEOPLE Atlas of Humanity. Viitattu 1.5.2021. (englanniksi)
  8. ↑ Highland Quechua in Peru Minority Rights Group. Viitattu 9.2.2024. (englanti)

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