Karthala

Karthala

Karthalan purkauksen synnyttämä tuhkapilvi peittää koko Grande Comoren saaren.

Tyyppi
Kilpitulivuori (aktiivinen)
Sijainti
Korkeus merenpinnasta
2 361 m
Purkautunut viimeksi
2007
Hallinto
Luokitus
Kartta
Koordinaatit

muokkaa - muokkaa wikitekstiä - muokkaa WikidataaTietolaatikon dokumentaatio

Karthala on aktiivinen tulivuori Komoreilla, Grande Comoren saaren eteläpäässä. 2 361 metriä korkea kilpitulivuori on toinen Grande Comoren muodostavista tulivuorista. Se on myös koko Komorin saarten korkein kohta sekä eräs maailman suurimmista aktiivisista tulivuorista. Toistuvat sortumiset ovat synnyttäneet Karthalan huipulle kolme kilometriä leveän ja neljä kilometriä pitkän kalderan.[1]

Purkaukset

Sekä kaldera että itse vuori ovat muotoutuneet vähitellen jokaisen purkauksen ja laavavirtojen seurauksena. Karthalan viimeisin suuri purkaus tapahtui vuonna 2005, jolloin tuhansia saaren asukkaita evakuoitiin turvaan. Pienempiä purkauksia vuorella on sattunut muun muassa toukokuussa 2006 ja tammikuussa 2007, jolloin Grande Comoren saari asetettiin purkauksen vuoksi hälytystilaan.[2] 1903 vuoresta purkautuneet myrkylliset kaasut surmasivat 17 henkeä. Vuonna 1860 Karthalasta lähtöisin oleva laavavirta ylsi saaren länsirannikolla sijaitsevan Komorien pääkaupungin Moronin pohjoispuolelle, 13 kilometrin päähän tulivuoresta. Laavavirrat ovat yltäneet rannikolle saakka useamminkin sekä saaren länsi- että itäpuolella. Keskimäärin Karthalalla on ollut tapana purkautua 11 vuoden välein ja 1800-luvulta lähtien purkauksia on kertynyt yli toistakymmentä.[1]

Karthalan purkaukset

  • 1800-luku: 1808, 1814, 1821, 1828, 1830, 1833, 1848, 1850, 1855, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1862(?), 1872, 1876, 1880, 1883-84
  • 1900-luku: 1904, 1910, 1918, 1928, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1965, 1972, 1977, 1991
  • 2000-luku: 2005, 2005, 2006, 2007[3]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Karthala Volcano World. Arkistoitu 2.1.2007. Viitattu 16.1.2007. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Comoros volcano emits fumes, island put on alert 13.1.2007. Reuters. Viitattu 16. tammikuuta 2007. (englanniksi)[vanhentunut linkki]
  3. ↑ Karthala volcano Volcano discovery. Viitattu 16.1.2007. (englanniksi)

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