Kaf

Tämä artikkeli käsittelee heprealaista kirjainta. Kāf (ك) on myös arabialainen kirjain.
Heprean kirjaimet
א Alef ב Bet
ג Gimel ד Dalet
ה He ו Vav
ז Zajin ח Ḥet
ט Tet י Jod
כ Kaf ל Lamed
מ Mem נ Nun
ס Samekh ע Ajin
פ Pe צ Tsade
ק Qof ר Reš
ש Šin ת Tav
vokaalimerkit · dageš
numerojärjestelmä
Kaf sofit

Kaf on monen seemiläisen kielen aakkoston 11. kirjain. Se sisältyy muun muassa heprealaiseen, foinikialaiseen, arabialaiseen ja aramealaiseen kirjaimistoon. Se on kreikkalaisen kapan, latinalaisen K:n ja kyrillisen К:n edeltäjä. Kirjaimen nimi tulee kättä tarkoittavasta sanasta: sana tarkoittaa yhä kämmentä sekä nykyhepreassa että -arabiassa.

Kaf hepreassa

Heprean kielessä kaf ääntyy [k], jos sen sisällä on piste (dageš lene).[1] Kirjaimella on myös pisteetön muoto, jolloin se ääntyy kuten ḥet (foneettisessa merkinnässä /x/), samankaltaisena kurkkuäänteenä kuin saksan 'ch' esimerkiksi sanassa ich. Sanan alussa kaf on aina pisteellinen.

Kaf on myös yksi niistä heprean kirjaimista, jotka kirjoitetaan eri tavalla sanan lopussa: sillä on sofit- eli loppumuoto kaf sofit.[2] Heprealaisessa numerojärjestelmässä kafilla on lukuarvo 20.[3] Kaf sofitin lukuarvo on 500.

Kieliopillisesti kaf toimii sanan alussa prepositiona, joka voi tarkoittaa muun muassa niin kuin, kuten tai mukaan. Se on lyhennys sanasta כּמו (kəmo). Kaf sofit puolestaan on sanan lopussa yksikön toisen persoonan omistusliite ja objektimuoto.

Esimerkkejä:

Koodit

Kaf Kaf sofit
Unicode UTF-16 U+05db U+05da
Unicode-nimi HEBREW LETTER KAF HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF
HTML כ ך
ISO 8859-8 0xeb 0xea

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Aejmelaeus, Anneli: Täyttä hepreaa: Johdatus Vanhan Testamentin hepreaan, s. 12–13. Helsinki: Kirjapaja, 2003. ISBN 951-625-987-1
  2. ↑ The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet) Jewish Virtual Library. 2024. Viitattu 15.7.2024. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Hebrew alphabet | writing system Encyclopædia Britannica. 2024. Viitattu 15.7.2024. (englanniksi)

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