Köli

Tämä artikkeli käsittelee osaa veneen rakenteesta. Köli on myös tähdistö, tai sillä voidaan tarkoittaa Kölivuoria.
Nykyaikaisen purjeveneen köli
Purjeveneen kiintoköli, johon on kiinnitetty myös peräsin
Purjeveneen nostoköli
Köli ohjaa purjeista johtuvat sivusuuntaiset voimat eteenpäin vieväksi voimaksi

Köli on veneessä tai laivassa aluksen pohjasta alaspäin jatkuva levynomainen rakenne. Sen tehtävä on rajoittaa purjehdittaessa sortoa eli aluksen ajautumista sivusuunnassa. Lisäksi köli pyrkii oikaisemaan veneen purjeista aiheutuvaa kallistumista.[1] Moottorivoimalla kulkevat alukset eivät tarvitse pinta-alaköliä, kuten purjealukset.

Kiintoköli on pinta-alaltaan suurempi ja huomattavasti painavampi, se myös vähentää aluksen kallistumista alatuuleen. Nostoköliä käytetään purjejollissa ja monirunkoveneissä, tämän kevytrakenteisen puu-, metalli- tai muovilevystä valmistetun kölin vaikuttavaa pinta-alaa voidaan vähentää tai poistaa se nostamalla köli osittain tai kokonaan kölilaatikon sisään myötätuuleen purjehdittaessa. Pohjarakenteiden kitka pienenee ja aluksen nopeus kasvaa.

Laivan rakentaminen alkaa kölinlaskusta. Laivan köli on aluksen pitkittäisosista tärkein. Teräsrakenteisessa laivassa köli on keskilaivassa pituussuunnassa oleva vankka metallipalkki perästä keulaan, ja se tehdään metallilevyistä sekä rakennetta tukevista muotoraudoista. Kaaret ja pohjalevyt kiinnitetään köliin. Laivan keulassa ja perässä köli liitetään keula- ja perärankaan. Telakalla laivan koko paino on pääasiassa kölin päällä.

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