James D. Watkins

James D. Watkins

James David Watkins (7. maaliskuuta 1927 Alhambra, Kalifornia – 26. heinäkuuta 2012 Alexandria, Virginia) oli yhdysvaltalainen amiraali. Hän toimi laivasto-operaatioiden komentajana Ronald Reaganin presidenttiyden aikana vuosina 1982–1986 ja energiaministerinä George H. W. Bushin (1989–1993) kaudella.

Nuoruus ja laivastoura

Watkins syntyi 1927 Kalifornian Alhambrassa. Hänen isänsä oli viinikauppias ja hänen äitinsä oli pyrkinyt 1938 Yhdysvaltain senaattiin sinne pääsemättä. Watkins valmistui 1949 Yhdysvaltain laivastoakatemiasta, ja hänestä tuli Yhdysvaltain ydinalusten isänä tunnetun Hyman Rickoverin suojatti.[1]

Watkinsin ura Yhdysvaltain laivastossa kesti 37 vuotta, ja hän palveli upseerina sekä pinta-aluksilla että sukellusveneillä. Hän toimi uransa aikana Yhdysvaltain 6. ja Tyynenmeren laivaston komentajana. Tämän jälkeen hän oli laivasto-operaatioiden varakomentajana, kunnes hänestä tuli 1982 laivasto-operaatioiden komentaja, eli laivaston korkein upseeri.[2] Watkins toimi tehtävässä vuoteen 1986, ja hän oli muun muassa merkittävässä asemassa Ronald Reaganin ohjuspuolustusjärjestelmä Strategic Defense Initiativen kehittäjänä. Hän sai laivastourastaan Defense Distinguished Service Medalin, Navy Distinguished Service Medalin, kolme The Legion of Meritiä ja Bronze Starin.[1] Watkinsista tehtiin 1983 Maltan ritarikunnan jäsen.

Poliittinen ura

Presidentti Reagan nimitti 1987 Watkinsin yllättäen HIV-epidemiaa käsittelevän komission johtajaksi. Watkinsin alaisuudessa toiminut 13-henkinen komissio puolsi muun muassa AIDS-sairaiden syrjintää vastustavia sekä sairaiden oikeuksia ja yksityisyyttä puoltavia lakeja.[1]

Watkinsista tuli 1989 George H. W. Bushin energiaministeri. Ministerinä hän pyrki uudistamaan maan ydinaseita tuottavia laitoksia, jotka olivat lamautuneet radioaktiivisten vuotojen ja ympäristökysymysten takia. Hän muodosti myös tiedosteluosaston, joka pyrki keräämään tietoja muiden maiden taistelukärjistä, ja osaston, joka pyrki paljastamaan Yhdysvaltain ydinsalaisuuksia tiedustelevia vakoojia.[1]

Watkins oli 1993–2004 monien meritieteellisten organisaation johdossa. Hän johti 2001–2004 United States Commission on Ocean Policyä, joka teki 2004 suosituksen uudesta Yhdysvaltain kansallisesta meripolitiikasta.[3]

Yksityiselämä ja kuolema

Watkins oli kahdesti naimisissa. Hänen ensimmäinen vaimonsa oli Sheila McKinney Watkins, jonka kanssa hän oli naimisissa 45 vuotta. Vuonna 1996 kuolleen Sheilan kanssa James Watkins sai kuusi lasta. Toinen vaimo oli Janet Tobin Watkins, jonka kanssa James oli naimisissa 12 vuotta.[1]

Watkins kuoli heinäkuussa 2012 kotonaan Alexandriassa.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Shapiro, T. Rees: James D. Watkins, who led Reagan’s commission on AIDS in the 1980s, dies at 85 The Washington Post. Viitattu 28.7.2012. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ Admiral James D. Watkins Naval Historical Center. Arkistoitu 9.5.2011. Viitattu 28.7.2012. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Admiral (Retired), U.S. Navy James D. Watkins National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. Arkistoitu 24.11.2010. Viitattu 28.7.2012. (englanniksi)

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