Jambinen tetrametri

Jambinen tetrametri on antiikin kreikkalaisesta metriikasta peräisin oleva runomitta, jossa tetrametrisäkeet koostuvat neljästä jambisesta metronista. Sitä käytettiin muun muassa komedioiden dialogiosuuksissa.

Runomitassa säkeet ovat yleensä katalektisiä, jolloin kyseessä on jambinen katalektinen tetrametri. Latinankielisessä komediassa mitta tunnetaan nimellä jambinen septenaari.

Kaava

Runomitan säkeen katalektisen muodon peruskaava on ( = lyhyt tavu, = pitkä tavu, = anceps eli lyhyt tai pitkä tavu):

, | , | , | ,

Yksi jambimetron on , ja se koostuu kahdesta jambijalasta .

Esimerkki

Aristofaneen komediasta Pilvet:

ὡς ἡδὺ καινοῖς πράγμασιν καὶ δεξιοῖς ὁμιλεῖν,
καὶ τῶν καθεστώτων νόμων ὑπερφρονεῖν δύνασθαι.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ὅτε μὲν ἱππικῇ τὸν νοῦν μόνῃ προσεῖχον,
οὐδ’ ἂν τρί’ εἰπεῖν ῥήμαθ’ οἷός τ’ ἦν πρὶν ἐξαμαρτεῖν·
νυνὶ δ’ ἐπειδή μ’ οὑτοσὶ τούτων ἔπαυσεν αὐτός,
γνώμαις δὲ λεπταῖς καὶ λόγοις ξύνειμι καὶ μερίμναις,
οἶμαι διδάξειν ὡς δίκαιον τὸν πατέρα κολάζειν.[1]
hōs hēdy kai|nois pragmasin || kai deksiois | homilein,
kai tōn kathes|tōtōn nomōn || hyperfronein | dynasthai.
egō gar hote | men hippikē || ton nūn monē | proseikhon,
ūd’ an tri’ ei|pein rhēmath’ hoi|os t’ ēn prin eks|amartein·
nyni d’ epei|dē m’ hūtosi || tūtōn epau|sen autos,
gnōmais de lep|tais kai logois || ksyneimi kai | merimnais,
oimai dida|ksein hōs dikai|on ton patera | kolazein.
 |  ||  | 
 |  ||  | 
 |  ||  | 
 |  |  | 
 |  ||  | 
 |  ||  | 
 |  |  | 
On mainio|ta, että hän, | ken uuden a|jan aatteet
näin hallitsee, | on yläpuol|la vanhain har|haluuloin.
Kun kilpa-a|johevosi|a harrastin | vain ennen,
niin tuskin sa|naa kolmea | sain kohdallen|sa käymään.
Vaan nyt, kun i|sä heittämään | mun saatti moi|set hommat,
kun oppinut | oon hienot aat|teet, kunnon kie|lenkäytön,
niin aion teil|le todistaa, | ett' isäänsä | saa pieksää.[1]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Aristofanes: Pilvet 1399–1405. Suomennos V. Arti.

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