Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

Isambard Kingdom Brunel (9. huhtikuuta 1806 – 15. syyskuuta 1859) oli englantilainen insinööri.[1] Insinöörinä hän oli hyvin monipuolinen ja suunnitteli niin rautateitä, siltoja ja rautatieasemia kuin uraauurtavia höyrylaivoja.

Brunelin insinööri-isä Marc Isambard Brunel oli paennut Ranskasta vallankumouksen aikana. Poika opiskeli sekä Englannissa että Ranskassa. Hänen ensimmäinen mittava suunnittelutyönsä oli yhdessä isän kanssa tehty Thamesin tunneli Rotherhithestä Wappingiin. Sen toteutus valmistui vuonna 1843. Jo vuonna 1831 Brunel voitti suunnittelukilpailun Avon-joen ylittävästä riippusillasta, mutta silta valmistui vasta 1864. Vuodesta 1833 Brunel työskenteli Great Westernin pääsuunnittelijana toteuttaen taidokkaan Great Western Railwayn Lontoon ja Bristolin välille. Hän suunnitteli lukuisia siltoja ja tunneleita laajenevan rautatieverkon tarpeisiin.[2] Brunelin haaveena oli reitti, jossa hänen suunnittelemaltaan Paddingtonin rautatieasemalta pääsisi Bristolin kautta suoraan uuteen maailmaan vievään laivaan. Vuonna 1838 laskettiin vesille ensimmäinen Brunelin suunnittelema höyrylaiva, SS Great Western, joka oli rautavahvisteinen puualus, 77 metrillä aikansa suurin ja suunniteltu Atlantin vesille. Seuraava alus oli 98-metrinen rautarunkoinen SS Great Britain, ensimmäinen alus, jossa oli potkuri. Kolmas alus oli jättikokoinen, 215 metriä pitkä SS Great Eastern.[3]

Mediassa

Bob Godfrey ohjasi vuonna 1975 Brunelista humoristisen piirroslyhytelokuvan Great. Se voitti vuonna 1976 sekä parhaan lyhytanimaation Oscar-palkinnon että parhaan lyhytelokuvan Bafta-palkinnon.[4][5][6]

BBC:n järjestämässä 100 Greatest Britons -äänestyksessä vuonna 2002 Brunel valittiin kaikkien aikojen toiseksi suurimmaksi britiksi heti Winston Churchillin jälkeen.[7]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Katarina Boijer: Rautarunkoinen ja 211-metrinen SS Great Eastern oli hirmuinen näky vuonna 1857, mutta sen suunnitellut keksijänero vasta poikkeuksellinen olikin Tekniikka&Talous. Viitattu 4.10.2022.
  2. ↑ Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806 - 1859) BBC. Viitattu 23.5.2010. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Chaline, Eric: 50 konetta, jotka muuttivat maailmaa (50 Machines that Changed the Course of History), s. 40. Quid Publishing, (suom. versio Moreeni 2013), 2012. ISBN 978-952-254-160-4 Suomi
  4. ↑ Godfrey, Bob (1921-2013) BFI Screenonline. Viitattu 13.9.2024. (englanniksi)
  5. ↑ Film in 1976 BAFTA Awards. Viitattu 13.9.2024.
  6. ↑ Bob Godfrey, Roobarb animator, dies aged 91 BBC News. 22.2.2013. Viitattu 13.9.2024. (englanniksi)
  7. ↑ History UK

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