Haldex-kytkin

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Haldex-kytkin on elektronisesti ohjattu lamellikytkin, joka edellä mainitun järjestelmän tavoin perustuu hydraulipaine-eroon. Se toimii siis samalla periaatteella perinteisen lamellikytkimen kanssa, erona kuitenkin sähköinen ohjaus. Esipaine (ns. herätepaine) kytkimeen tuotetaan sähköisesti pienellä sähköpumpulla, mutta kytkeytymiseen tarvittava varsinainen käyttöpaine saadaan edellä mainitun mekaanisen järjestelmän tavoin hydraulipumppujen pyörimisnopeuserolla. Järjestelmää säädetään täysin sähköisesti ja se toimii venttiilien avulla.

Haldex-kytkintä käytetään yleisesti muun muassa Volkswagen-konsernin poikittaismoottorilla varustetuissa autoissa (4Motion). Haldexin etuna esimerkiksi viskokytkimeen verrattuna on sen selvästi nopeampi toiminta. Mekaanisesti toimivaan Torsen-tasauspyörästöön verrattuna suurin ero on nimenomaan voimanjaon elektronisessa ohjauksessa. Kun kytkimen toiminta ei perustu ainoastaan akselien nopeuseroon, pystyvät muun muassa ABS-, ajonvakautus- ja vetoluistonestojärjestelmät toimimaan normaalisti. Myöskään auton hinaukselle ei ole rajoituksia, koska elektroniikka ei kytke nelivetoa automaattisesti päälle.

Haldexin voimanjako on normaaliolosuhteissa etuvetopainotteinen 90/10. Haldexin on kehittänyt ruotsalainen Haldex Traction Ab. Volkswagen-konsernin lisäksi Haldex-kytkimet ovatkin yleisessä käytössä muun muassa Volvon AWD-malleissa. Volvon ensimmäisissä nelivetoautoissa käytettiin viskokytkintä, mutta vuoden 2001 S60- ja vuoden 2003 V70- ja XC70-malleissa siirryttiin paremmin toimivaan Haldexiin. Mercedes-Benzin vuonna 2012 lanseeraamassa A45AMG 4-matic -mallissa käytetään Haldex-kytkintä, jossa normaalioloissa on puhdas etuveto mutta valitsimella voidaan valita 50/50-voimanjako. Myös Saab on käyttänyt Haldex-kytkintä joissain nelivetomalleissaan.

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