Haghpat

Sourb Nshanin (Pyhän Ristin) kirkko
Haghpatin luostari on maailmanperintökohde Armenian Lorrin maakunnan kylässä
Haghpatin luostari on maailmanperintökohde Armenian Lorrin maakunnan kylässä
 Haghpatin luostari
Haghpatin luostari on maailmanperintökohde Armenian Lorrin maakunnassa sijaitsevassa kylässä.

Haghpat (armeniaksi: Հաղպատ) on kylä Armeniassa Lorrin maakunnassa lähellä Alaverdin kaupunkia ja Georgian rajaa. Kylä tunnetaan 900-luvulla rakennetun Haghpatavankin (Հաղպատավանք) bysanttilaisen, linnoitetun luostarikompleksin ansiosta. Rakennusryhmä kuuluu myös yhdessä läheisen, noin neljä kilometriä länsilounaaseen sijaitsevan Sanahinin luostarin kanssa Unescon maailmanperintöluetteloon.[1][2]

Yhdessä näihin luostareihin rakennettiin yli kolmen vuosisadan kuluessa yli 20 erilaista kirkkoa tai kappelia, neljä laajennusosaa, kellotorneja, hautoja, akatemian rakennus, kirjavarastoja, ruokaloita, siltoja ja lukuisia asuintaloja.[3] Luostarikompleksi kuuluu Armenian apostoliselle kirkolle. Alueelta löytyy useita kaiverrettuja muistokiviä sekä piispojen hautoja, joita on siroteltu ympäri luostarialuetta. Rakennusryhmä edustaa loistavaa esimerkkiä keskiaikaisesta armenialaisesta arkkitehtuurista.

Harhpatinin luostari perustettiin kuningas Abas I:n aikana. Pieni Pyhän Ristin (Sourb Nshan) kirkko, jonka rakentamien aloitettiin 966-967 on kokonaisuuden vanhin rakennus.[4] Luostarin pääkirkon kustantamiseen on osallistuivat prinssi Khutulukhaga, prinssit Smbat ja Kurike sekä kuningatar Khosrvanuch, kuningas Ashot III Armollisen (Աշոտ Գ. Ողորմած) puoliso. Luostari rakennettiin tietoisesti mäenrinteen puolivälin tasangolle. Suurin kirkko on Pyhän Ristin katedraali (Sourb Nshan) , jonka rakentaminen aloitettiin noin vuonna 976, ja joka valmistui 991 kuningas Smbatin aikana. 1100-luvulla kirkkoon rakennettiin mahtava kellotorni, luostari sai kirjaston ja ruokalan. Erillisen Sourp Astvatzatzinin (Jumalanäidin) kappelin akustiikka todetaan upeaksi.[2][4]

Haghpatin kylä ei juurikaan hyödy turistejakin kiinnostavasta luostarista. Suurin osa asukkaista saa elantonsa karjankasvatuksesta tai maanviljelyä. Kylä sijaitsee ylätasangolla, johon joet ovat tehneet syviä halkeamia.

  • Pyhän Ristin katedraali, Sourb Nishan
    Pyhän Ristin katedraali, Sourb Nishan
  • Katedraalin gavit (eteisrakennus)
    Katedraalin gavit (eteisrakennus)
  • Eteisrakennusta sisältä.
    Eteisrakennusta sisältä.
  • Yksityiskohta
    Yksityiskohta
  • Kappeli pääkirkon vierellä
    Kappeli pääkirkon vierellä
  • Kellotorni
    Kellotorni
  • Entisajan luostarin ruokala
    Entisajan luostarin ruokala
  • Hautaholveja
    Hautaholveja

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin whc.unesco.org. Viitattu 9.7.2015. (englanniksi)
  2. ↑ a b Introducing Haghpat Monastery lonelyplanet.com. Arkistoitu 10.7.2015. Viitattu 9.7.2015. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ Sanahin Monastery Armenian Travel Bureau, atb.am. Viitattu 9.7.2015. (englanniksi)
  4. ↑ a b Haghpat Monastery Armenian Travel Bureau, atb.am. Viitattu 9.7.2015. (englanniksi)

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