Generatiivinen kilpaileva verkosto

Generatiivinen kilpaileva verkosto (engl. Generative adversarial network) on neuroverkkoarkkitehtuuri, jonka Ian Goodfellow ja hänen kollegansa kehittivät vuonna 2014.[1] Siinä kaksi neuroverkkoa kilpailevat keskenään pelissä (peliteoreettisesti, useimmiten nollasummapelin muodossa). Toinen neuroverkko yrittää luoda autenttisia datapisteitä, ja toinen yrittää erottaa aidot ja neuroverkon luomat datapisteet toisistaan. Lopputuloksena luova neuroverkko oppii luomaan esimerkiksi erittäin aidon oloisia valokuvia tai deepfake-videoita[2]. Generatiiviset kilpailevat verkostot kehitettiin alun perin generatiiviseksi malliksi ohjaamattomaan oppimiseen, mutta ne ovat osoittautuneet hyödyllisiksi myös puoliohjatussa oppimisessa, ohjatussa oppimisessa[3] ja vahvistusoppimisessa. [4] Yann LeCun kuvasi vuoden 2016 seminaarissa GAN:eja ”siisteimmäksi koneoppimisideaksi kahteenkymmeneen vuoteen”. [5]

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