Gaussin kuvauslaki

Gaussin kuvauslaki on geometrisen optiikan laki, joka ilmoittaa, miten linssin tai kaarevan peilin esineestä muodostaman kuvan etäisyys linssistä tai peilistä riippuu esineen etäisyydestä sekä linssin tai peilin polttovälistä. Laki on nimetty Carl Friedrich Gaussin (1777–1855) mukaan. Gaussin kuvauslaki on likimääräinen, sillä sitä johdettaessa on oletuksena, että pisteen kuvautuessa tulee piste. Lisäksi moniaallonpituisella valolla, kuten valkealla, eri aallonpituudet taittuvat hieman eri suuntiin. Linsseissä esiintyy pallopoikkeamaa ja väripoikkeamaa.

Gaussin kuvauslaki on muotoa . Kaavassa a on esineen etäisyys peilistä tai linssistä, b on kuvan etäisyys peilistä tai linssistä ja f polttoväli. Muuttujien merkit vaihtelevat sen mukaan, onko kyseessä kovera vai kupera linssi tai peili, muodostuuko valekuva (-) vai oikea kuva (+) ja onko kyseessä oikea esine (+) vai vale-esine (-) (esim. usean linssin linssisysteemit).

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